本文目录导读：
我来分享几个常用的Python时间工具封装案例：
基础时间工具类
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, date
import time
import calendar
from typing import Optional, Union, List
import pytz
class TimeUtils:
"""时间工具类"""
# 时间格式常量
FORMAT_DATETIME = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
FORMAT_DATE = "%Y-%m-%d"
FORMAT_TIME = "%H:%M:%S"
FORMAT_TIMESTAMP = "%Y%m%d%H%M%S"
@staticmethod
def get_now(format_str: str = FORMAT_DATETIME) -> str:
"""获取当前时间字符串"""
return datetime.now().strftime(format_str)
@staticmethod
def get_timestamp() -> float:
"""获取当前时间戳"""
return time.time()
@staticmethod
def format_datetime(dt: datetime, format_str: str = FORMAT_DATETIME) -> str:
"""格式化datetime对象"""
return dt.strftime(format_str)
@staticmethod
def parse_datetime(time_str: str, format_str: str = FORMAT_DATETIME) -> datetime:
"""解析时间字符串为datetime对象"""
return datetime.strptime(time_str, format_str)
时间计算工具
class TimeCalculator:
"""时间计算工具类"""
@staticmethod
def add_days(dt: datetime, days: int) -> datetime:
"""增加天数"""
return dt + timedelta(days=days)
@staticmethod
def add_hours(dt: datetime, hours: int) -> datetime:
"""增加小时"""
return dt + timedelta(hours=hours)
@staticmethod
def add_minutes(dt: datetime, minutes: int) -> datetime:
"""增加分钟"""
return dt + timedelta(minutes=minutes)
@staticmethod
def date_range(start: datetime, end: datetime, step: int = 1) -> List[datetime]:
"""生成日期范围"""
dates = []
current = start
while current <= end:
dates.append(current)
current += timedelta(days=step)
return dates
@staticmethod
def time_difference(start: datetime, end: datetime) -> dict:
"""计算时间差"""
diff = end - start
days = diff.days
seconds = diff.seconds
hours = seconds // 3600
minutes = (seconds % 3600) // 60
secs = seconds % 60
return {
'days': days,
'hours': hours,
'minutes': minutes,
'seconds': secs,
'total_seconds': diff.total_seconds()
}
时间戳工具
class TimestampUtils:
"""时间戳工具类"""
@staticmethod
def datetime_to_timestamp(dt: datetime) -> float:
"""datetime转时间戳"""
return dt.timestamp()
@staticmethod
def timestamp_to_datetime(timestamp: float) -> datetime:
"""时间戳转datetime"""
return datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)
@staticmethod
def string_to_timestamp(time_str: str, format_str: str = TimeUtils.FORMAT_DATETIME) -> float:
"""时间字符串转时间戳"""
dt = datetime.strptime(time_str, format_str)
return dt.timestamp()
@staticmethod
def timestamp_to_string(timestamp: float, format_str: str = TimeUtils.FORMAT_DATETIME) -> str:
"""时间戳转字符串"""
dt = datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)
return dt.strftime(format_str)
时区工具
class TimezoneUtils:
"""时区工具类"""
@staticmethod
def get_timezone_time(timezone_name: str = 'Asia/Shanghai') -> datetime:
"""获取指定时区的时间"""
tz = pytz.timezone(timezone_name)
return datetime.now(tz)
@staticmethod
def convert_timezone(dt: datetime, from_tz: str, to_tz: str) -> datetime:
"""转换时区"""
from_timezone = pytz.timezone(from_tz)
to_timezone = pytz.timezone(to_tz)
# 如果datetime没有时区信息，先添加
if dt.tzinfo is None:
dt = from_timezone.localize(dt)
return dt.astimezone(to_timezone)
@staticmethod
def list_timezones(keyword: str = '') -> List[str]:
"""列出时区列表"""
all_timezones = pytz.all_timezones
if keyword:
return [tz for tz in all_timezones if keyword.lower() in tz.lower()]
return all_timezones
月份和日期工具
class MonthDayUtils:
"""月份和日期工具类"""
@staticmethod
def get_month_days(year: int, month: int) -> int:
"""获取某月的天数"""
return calendar.monthrange(year, month)[1]
@staticmethod
def is_leap_year(year: int) -> bool:
"""判断是否为闰年"""
return calendar.isleap(year)
@staticmethod
def get_weekday(year: int, month: int, day: int) -> str:
"""获取星期几"""
weekdays = ['星期一', '星期二', '星期三', '星期四', '星期五', '星期六', '星期日']
weekday_num = datetime(year, month, day).weekday()
return weekdays[weekday_num]
@staticmethod
def get_first_day_of_month(year: int, month: int) -> datetime:
"""获取月初"""
return datetime(year, month, 1)
@staticmethod
def get_last_day_of_month(year: int, month: int) -> datetime:
"""获取月末"""
last_day = calendar.monthrange(year, month)[1]
return datetime(year, month, last_day)
实用装饰器
import functools
def timer_decorator(func):
"""函数执行时间计时器"""
@functools.wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
start_time = time.time()
result = func(*args, **kwargs)
end_time = time.time()
print(f"{func.__name__} 执行耗时: {end_time - start_time:.4f} 秒")
return result
return wrapper
def retry_decorator(max_retries=3, delay=1):
"""重试装饰器（带延迟）"""
def decorator(func):
@functools.wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
for i in range(max_retries):
try:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
except Exception as e:
if i == max_retries - 1:
raise
print(f"重试 {i+1}/{max_retries}: {e}")
time.sleep(delay)
return None
return wrapper
return decorator
使用示例
# 使用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 基础使用
print("当前时间:", TimeUtils.get_now())
print("时间戳:", TimeUtils.get_timestamp())
# 时间计算
calculator = TimeCalculator()
now = datetime.now()
print("7天后:", TimeUtils.format_datetime(calculator.add_days(now, 7)))
# 时间差
start = datetime(2024, 1, 1)
end = datetime(2024, 12, 31)
diff = calculator.time_difference(start, end)
print(f"相差: {diff['days']}天, {diff['hours']}小时")
# 时区转换
tz_utils = TimezoneUtils()
beijing_time = tz_utils.get_timezone_time('Asia/Shanghai')
print("北京时间:", beijing_time)
# 装饰器使用
@timer_decorator
def test_function():
time.sleep(1)
return "完成"
result = test_function()
安装依赖
pip install pytz # 时区支持
这些工具封装了常用的时间操作,可以根据实际需求进行扩展和修改。
