本文目录导读：
我来介绍几种常见的文档格式转换脚本方案,涵盖Python和命令行工具。
Python脚本方案
基础安装
# 安装必要的库 pip install python-docx # Word文档处理 pip install PyPDF2 # PDF处理 pip install openpyxl # Excel处理 pip install markdown # Markdown处理
示例脚本
1 Word转PDF
# word_to_pdf.py
import os
from docx2pdf import convert
def word_to_pdf(input_file, output_file=None):
"""
将Word文档转换为PDF
"""
if output_file is None:
output_file = os.path.splitext(input_file)[0] + '.pdf'
try:
convert(input_file, output_file)
print(f"转换成功: {output_file}")
return True
except Exception as e:
print(f"转换失败: {e}")
return False
# 批量转换
def batch_convert(folder_path):
for file in os.listdir(folder_path):
if file.endswith('.docx'):
word_to_pdf(os.path.join(folder_path, file))
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 使用示例
word_to_pdf("input.docx", "output.pdf")
# batch_convert("./word_files")
2 Markdown转HTML/PDF
# markdown_converter.py
import markdown
import pdfkit
import os
def md_to_html(md_file, html_file=None):
"""Markdown转HTML"""
if html_file is None:
html_file = os.path.splitext(md_file)[0] + '.html'
with open(md_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
md_content = f.read()
# 转换Markdown为HTML
html_content = markdown.markdown(md_content, extensions=['extra', 'codehilite'])
# 添加基本样式
styled_html = f"""
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
body {{ max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; }}
pre {{ background: #f4f4f4; padding: 10px; border-radius: 5px; }}
code {{ background: #f4f4f4; padding: 2px 5px; }}
</style>
</head>
<body>
{html_content}
</body>
</html>
"""
with open(html_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(styled_html)
print(f"已转换: {html_file}")
# 需要安装wkhtmltopdf: https://wkhtmltopdf.org/
def md_to_pdf(md_file, pdf_file=None):
"""Markdown转PDF (需要wkhtmltopdf)"""
if pdf_file is None:
pdf_file = os.path.splitext(md_file)[0] + '.pdf'
# 先转HTML
html_file = md_file + '.html'
md_to_html(md_file, html_file)
# HTML转PDF
try:
pdfkit.from_file(html_file, pdf_file)
os.remove(html_file) # 删除临时HTML
print(f"已转换: {pdf_file}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"PDF转换失败: {e}")
print(f"保留临时HTML: {html_file}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
md_to_html("README.md")
# md_to_pdf("README.md")
3 批量格式转换器
# batch_converter.py
import os
import argparse
import subprocess
from pathlib import Path
class DocumentConverter:
def __init__(self, input_dir=".", output_dir="converted"):
self.input_dir = Path(input_dir)
self.output_dir = Path(output_dir)
self.output_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
def convert_single(self, file_path, target_format):
"""转换单个文件"""
input_path = Path(file_path)
if not input_path.exists():
print(f"文件不存在: {file_path}")
return False
output_path = self.output_dir / f"{input_path.stem}.{target_format}"
if input_path.suffix == '.docx' and target_format == 'pdf':
return self._convert_docx_to_pdf(input_path, output_path)
elif input_path.suffix == '.md' and target_format == 'html':
return self._convert_md_to_html(input_path, output_path)
elif input_path.suffix == '.txt' and target_format == 'pdf':
return self._convert_txt_to_pdf(input_path, output_path)
else:
print(f"不支持的转换: {input_path.suffix} -> .{target_format}")
return False
def _convert_docx_to_pdf(self, input_path, output_path):
"""Word转PDF"""
try:
from docx2pdf import convert
convert(str(input_path), str(output_path))
print(f"✅ {input_path.name} -> {output_path.name}")
return True
except Exception as e:
print(f"❌ 转换失败 {input_path.name}: {e}")
return False
def _convert_md_to_html(self, input_path, output_path):
"""Markdown转HTML"""
import markdown
try:
with open(input_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
md_content = f.read()
html = markdown.markdown(md_content, extensions=['extra'])
full_html = f"""<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><meta charset="utf-8">{input_path.stem}</title>
<style>body {{ margin: 40px auto; max-width: 800px; }}</style>
</head><body>{html}</body></html>"""
with open(output_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(full_html)
print(f"✅ {input_path.name} -> {output_path.name}")
return True
except Exception as e:
print(f"❌ 转换失败 {input_path.name}: {e}")
return False
def _convert_txt_to_pdf(self, input_path, output_path):
"""文本转PDF"""
try:
from fpdf import FPDF
pdf = FPDF()
pdf.add_page()
pdf.add_font('DejaVu', '', 'DejaVuSans.ttf', uni=True)
pdf.set_font('DejaVu', '', 12)
with open(input_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
for line in f:
pdf.cell(200, 10, txt=line.encode('latin-1', 'ignore').decode('latin-1'), ln=True)
pdf.output(str(output_path))
print(f"✅ {input_path.name} -> {output_path.name}")
return True
except Exception as e:
print(f"❌ 转换失败 {input_path.name}: {e}")
return False
def batch_convert(self, pattern="*", target_format="pdf"):
"""批量转换"""
count = 0
for file in self.input_dir.glob(pattern):
if file.is_file():
if self.convert_single(file, target_format):
count += 1
print(f"\n完成! 成功转换 {count} 个文件")
# 命令行接口
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='文档格式转换工具')
parser.add_argument('input', help='输入文件或目录')
parser.add_argument('--format', '-f', default='pdf',
choices=['pdf', 'html', 'docx', 'txt'],
help='目标格式')
parser.add_argument('--output', '-o', default='converted',
help='输出目录')
parser.add_argument('--batch', '-b', action='store_true',
help='批量模式')
args = parser.parse_args()
converter = DocumentConverter(output_dir=args.output)
if args.batch:
if os.path.isdir(args.input):
pattern = f"*.{args.format.replace('pdf', 'docx').replace('html', 'md')}"
converter.input_dir = Path(args.input)
converter.batch_convert(pattern, args.format)
else:
converter.convert_single(args.input, args.format)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
命令行工具方案
1 Pandoc (全能文档转换器)
# 安装 # macOS: brew install pandoc # Ubuntu: sudo apt-get install pandoc # Windows: 下载安装包 # 基本用法 pandoc input.md -o output.html # MD转HTML pandoc input.md -o output.pdf # MD转PDF (需LaTeX) pandoc input.docx -o output.md # Word转Markdown pandoc input.html -o output.docx # HTML转Word # 批量转换脚本
批量转换脚本
#!/bin/bash
# batch_convert.sh
# 将当前目录所有md文件转换为html
for file in *.md; do
if [ -f "$file" ]; then
filename="${file%.*}"
pandoc "$file" -o "${filename}.html"
echo "转换: $file -> ${filename}.html"
fi
done
# 转换所有docx为pdf (使用LibreOffice)
for file in *.docx; do
if [ -f "$file" ]; then
libreoffice --headless --convert-to pdf "$file"
echo "转换: $file"
fi
done
2 LibreOffice命令行
# 安装LibreOffice # 批量转换所有Office文档为PDF libreoffice --headless --convert-to pdf *.docx *.xlsx *.pptx # 指定输出目录 libreoffice --headless --convert-to pdf --outdir ./pdf_output/ *.docx # 指定格式转换 libreoffice --headless --convert-to "pdf:writer_pdf_Export" input.docx
自动化脚本示例
# auto_converter.py
import os
import time
from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import FileSystemEventHandler
class ConverterHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
def __init__(self, target_format="pdf"):
self.target_format = target_format
def on_created(self, event):
if event.is_directory:
return
file_ext = os.path.splitext(event.src_path)[1].lower()
supported_exts = ['.docx', '.md', '.txt', '.html']
if file_ext in supported_exts:
print(f"检测到新文件: {event.src_path}")
time.sleep(1) # 等待文件写入完成
# 自动转换
output_file = event.src_path + f".{self.target_format}"
if file_ext == '.docx':
self.convert_docx(event.src_path, output_file)
elif file_ext == '.md':
self.convert_md(event.src_path, output_file)
def convert_docx(self, input_file, output_file):
try:
from docx2pdf import convert
convert(input_file, output_file)
print(f"自动转换: {input_file} -> {output_file}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"转换失败: {e}")
def start_monitoring(folder_path=".", target_format="pdf"):
"""监控文件夹，自动转换新文件"""
event_handler = ConverterHandler(target_format)
observer = Observer()
observer.schedule(event_handler, folder_path, recursive=False)
observer.start()
print(f"开始监控文件夹: {folder_path}")
print("按 Ctrl+C 停止监控")
try:
while True:
time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
observer.stop()
observer.join()
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 监控当前目录，自动转换新文件为PDF
start_monitoring(".", "pdf")
使用建议
安装指南
# 全功能安装 pip install python-docx PyPDF2 openpyxl markdown pdfkit docx2pdf # 安装系统工具 # macOS brew install pandoc libreoffice # Ubuntu sudo apt-get install pandoc libreoffice-writer # Windows: 下载安装包 # pandoc: https://pandoc.org/installing.html # LibreOffice: https://www.libreoffice.org/download/
执行示例
# 使用批处理脚本 python batch_converter.py ./documents --format pdf --batch # 使用监控脚本 python auto_converter.py # 使用命令行 chmod +x batch_convert.sh ./batch_convert.sh
注意事项
- 中文支持：可能需要安装中文字体
- 性能优化：大文件转换时考虑内存使用
- 错误处理：添加日志记录失败的转换
- 备份原文件：转换前建议备份
这些脚本可以根据具体需求修改和扩展,支持更多的格式转换组合。
