如何编写IP配置切换脚本

wen 实用脚本 2026-06-30 165

本文目录导读：

如何编写IP配置切换脚本

Windows 系统 - PowerShell 脚本
Linux 系统 - Bash 脚本
使用说明

我来为您介绍几种不同操作系统下的IP配置切换脚本。

Windows 系统 - PowerShell 脚本

基础版 - 切换静态IP和DHCP

# Switch-NetworkConfig.ps1
param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
    [ValidateSet("Static", "DHCP")]
    [string]$Mode,
    [string]$IPAddress = "192.168.1.100",
    [string]$SubnetMask = "255.255.255.0",
    [string]$DefaultGateway = "192.168.1.1",
    [string]$DNSServer = "8.8.8.8"
)
$AdapterName = (Get-NetAdapter | Where-Object {$_.Status -eq "Up"})[0].Name
if ($Mode -eq "Static") {
    # 设置为静态IP
    Write-Host "正在设置静态IP..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
    # 移除原有配置
    Remove-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    Remove-NetRoute -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    # 设置新IP
    New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName `
                    -IPAddress $IPAddress `
                    -PrefixLength 24 `
                    -DefaultGateway $DefaultGateway
    # 设置DNS
    Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName `
                              -ServerAddresses ($DNSServer, "8.8.4.4")
    Write-Host "静态IP设置完成！" -ForegroundColor Green
    Write-Host "IP: $IPAddress" -ForegroundColor Cyan
    Write-Host "子网掩码: 255.255.255.0" -ForegroundColor Cyan
    Write-Host "网关: $DefaultGateway" -ForegroundColor Cyan
} elseif ($Mode -eq "DHCP") {
    # 设置为DHCP
    Write-Host "正在切换到DHCP..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
    Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName -Dhcp Enabled
    Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName -ResetServerAddresses
    # 更新IP
    ipconfig /renew
    Write-Host "DHCP模式设置完成！" -ForegroundColor Green
    # 显示当前IP
    $ipInfo = Get-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName -AddressFamily IPv4
    Write-Host "当前IP地址: $($ipInfo.IPAddress)" -ForegroundColor Cyan
}

配置文件版本

配置文件 config.json：

{
    "profiles": {
        "office": {
            "ip": "192.168.1.100",
            "subnet": "24",
            "gateway": "192.168.1.1",
            "dns": ["8.8.8.8", "8.8.4.4"]
        },
        "home": {
            "dhcp": true
        },
        "dmz": {
            "ip": "10.0.0.50",
            "subnet": "16",
            "gateway": "10.0.0.1",
            "dns": ["10.0.0.1"]
        }
    }
}

高级脚本：

# Advanced-IP-Switcher.ps1
param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
    [string]$Profile
)
$ConfigFile = "config.json"
$ConfigPath = Join-Path $PSScriptRoot $ConfigFile
# 检查配置文件
if (-not (Test-Path $ConfigPath)) {
    Write-Error "配置文件不存在：$ConfigPath"
    exit 1
}
# 读取配置
$Config = Get-Content $ConfigPath | ConvertFrom-Json
# 检查子网格式转换
function Convert-SubnetToPrefix {
    param([string]$Subnet)
    $subnets = @{
        "255.255.255.0" = "24"
        "255.255.255.128" = "25"
        "255.255.255.192" = "26"
        "255.255.255.224" = "27"
        "255.255.255.240" = "28"
        "255.255.255.248" = "29"
        "255.255.255.252" = "30"
        "255.255.0.0" = "16"
        "255.0.0.0" = "8"
    }
    if ($Subnet -match "^\d+$") {
        return $Subnet
    }
    return $subnets[$Subnet]
}
# 获取当前网卡
$Adapter = Get-NetAdapter | Where-Object {$_.Status -eq "Up"} | Select-Object -First 1
if (-not $Adapter) {
    Write-Error "未找到活动的网络适配器"
    exit 1
}
$AdapterName = $Adapter.Name
Write-Host "使用网卡: $AdapterName" -ForegroundColor Yellow
# 显示可用配置
Write-Host "`n可用配置方案:" -ForegroundColor Cyan
foreach ($key in $Config.profiles.PSObject.Properties.Name) {
    Write-Host "- $key" -ForegroundColor White
}
# 检查配置是否存在
if (-not ($Config.profiles.$Profile)) {
    Write-Error "配置 '$Profile' 不存在"
    exit 1
}
$ProfileConfig = $Config.profiles.$Profile
# 备份当前配置
Write-Host "正在备份当前配置..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
$backupIP = Get-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName -AddressFamily IPv4 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
$backupDNS = Get-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
# 执行切换
try {
    if ($ProfileConfig.dhcp -eq $true) {
        # DHCP模式
        Write-Host "切换到 DHCP 模式..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
        Remove-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        Remove-NetRoute -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName -Dhcp Enabled
        Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName -ResetServerAddresses
        ipconfig /renew
        Write-Host "成功切换到 DHCP 模式" -ForegroundColor Green
        # 显示当前IP
        $currentIP = Get-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName -AddressFamily IPv4 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        Write-Host "当前IP: $($currentIP.IPAddress)" -ForegroundColor Cyan
    } else {
        # 静态IP模式
        Write-Host "切换到静态IP模式..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
        # 移除现有配置
        Remove-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        Remove-NetRoute -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        # 转换子网掩码
        $PrefixLength = Convert-SubnetToPrefix $ProfileConfig.subnet
        # 设置静态IP
        New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName `
                        -IPAddress $ProfileConfig.ip `
                        -PrefixLength $PrefixLength `
                        -DefaultGateway $ProfileConfig.gateway `
                        -ErrorAction Stop
        # 设置DNS
        if ($ProfileConfig.dns) {
            Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName `
                                      -ServerAddresses $ProfileConfig.dns
        }
        Write-Host "成功配置网络" -ForegroundColor Green
        Write-Host "IP: $($ProfileConfig.ip)" -ForegroundColor Cyan
        Write-Host "子网前缀: /$PrefixLength" -ForegroundColor Cyan
        Write-Host "网关: $($ProfileConfig.gateway)" -ForegroundColor Cyan
        Write-Host "DNS: $($ProfileConfig.dns -join ', ')" -ForegroundColor Cyan
    }
} catch {
    Write-Error "配置失败: $($_.Exception.Message)"
    # 恢复备份
    Write-Host "正在恢复原始配置..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
    if ($backupIP) {
        New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName `
                        -IPAddress $backupIP.IPAddress `
                        -PrefixLength $backupIP.PrefixLength `
                        -DefaultGateway $backupIP | Out-Null
    }
    if ($backupDNS) {
        Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias $AdapterName `
                                  -ServerAddresses $backupDNS.ServerAddresses
    }
}

使用示例

# 设置为静态IP
.\Switch-NetworkConfig.ps1 -Mode Static -IPAddress 192.168.1.100
# 设置为DHCP
.\Switch-NetworkConfig.ps1 -Mode DHCP
# 使用配置文件
.\Advanced-IP-Switcher.ps1 -Profile office
# 查看所有配置
$config = Get-Content config.json -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json
$config.profiles.PSObject.Properties | Select-Object Name

Linux 系统 - Bash 脚本

#!/bin/bash
# ip-switcher.sh
set -e
# 颜色定义
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
CYAN='\033[0;36m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color
# 配置文件路径
CONFIG_FILE="$HOME/.network_configs"
# 检测系统类型
detect_os() {
    if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then
        . /etc/os-release
        OS=$ID
    else
        OS=$(uname -s)
    fi
    # 检测网络管理器
    if command -v nmcli &> /dev/null; then
        NETWORK_MANAGER="nmcli"
    elif command -v systemctl &> /dev/null && systemctl is-active networking &> /dev/null; then
        NETWORK_MANAGER="networking"
    else
        NETWORK_MANAGER="manual"
    fi
    echo "检测到系统: $OS"
    echo "网络管理器: $NETWORK_MANAGER"
}
# 获取接口信息
get_interfaces() {
    if [ "$NETWORK_MANAGER" == "nmcli" ]; then
        nmcli -t -f DEVICE,TYPE,STATE device status | grep -E ":ethernet:|:wifi:" | grep ":connected"
    else
        ip -o link show | grep -v "lo:" | awk -F': ' '{print $2}'
    fi
}
# 配置静态IP (使用nmcli)
configure_static_nmcli() {
    local interface=$1
    local ip=$2
    local gateway=$3
    local dns1=$4
    local dns2=$5
    echo -e "${YELLOW}配置静态IP - 接口: $interface${NC}"
    # 创建或修改连接
    nmcli con mod "$interface" ipv4.addresses "$ip/24"
    nmcli con mod "$interface" ipv4.gateway "$gateway"
    nmcli con mod "$interface" ipv4.method manual
    nmcli con mod "$interface" ipv4.dns "$dns1 $dns2"
    # 重启连接
    nmcli con down "$interface" 2>/dev/null || true
    nmcli con up "$interface"
    echo -e "${GREEN}静态IP配置完成${NC}"
    echo "IP: $ip"
    echo "网关: $gateway"
    echo "DNS: $dns1, $dns2"
}
# 配置DHCP (使用nmcli)
configure_dhcp_nmcli() {
    local interface=$1
    echo -e "${YELLOW}配置DHCP - 接口: $interface${NC}"
    nmcli con mod "$interface" ipv4.method auto
    nmcli con mod "$interface" ipv4.dns ""
    # 重启连接
    nmcli con down "$interface" 2>/dev/null || true
    nmcli con up "$interface"
    # 获取新IP
    sleep 2
    local new_ip=$(ip -4 addr show "$interface" | grep -oP '(?<=inet\s)\d+(\.\d+){3}')
    echo -e "${GREEN}DHCP配置完成${NC}"
    echo "IP: $new_ip"
}
# 保存配置文件
save_config() {
    local name=$1
    local ip=$2
    local gateway=$3
    local dns1=$4
    local dns2=$5
    local type=${6:-"static"}
    # 创建配置目录
    mkdir -p "$(dirname "$CONFIG_FILE")"
    # 保存配置
    echo "name=$name" >> "$CONFIG_FILE.tmp"
    echo "type=$type" >> "$CONFIG_FILE.tmp"
    echo "ip=$ip" >> "$CONFIG_FILE.tmp"
    echo "gateway=$gateway" >> "$CONFIG_FILE.tmp"
    echo "dns1=$dns1" >> "$CONFIG_FILE.tmp"
    echo "dns2=$dns2" >> "$CONFIG_FILE.tmp"
    echo "---" >> "$CONFIG_FILE.tmp"
    mv "$CONFIG_FILE.tmp" "$CONFIG_FILE"
}
# 加载配置文件
load_config() {
    if [ ! -f "$CONFIG_FILE" ]; then
        echo -e "${RED}配置文件不存在${NC}"
        return 1
    fi
    echo -e "${CYAN}可用配置:${NC}"
    local current=""
    local count=0
    while IFS= read -r line; do
        if [ "$line" == "---" ]; then
            count=$((count + 1))
            echo -e "${GREEN}[$count]${NC} $current"
            current=""
        elif [[ "$line" == name=* ]]; then
            current="配置: ${line#name=}"
        fi
    done < "$CONFIG_FILE"
}
# 主菜单
show_menu() {
    echo -e "\n${CYAN}====== IP配置切换工具 ======${NC}"
    echo "1. 配置静态IP"
    echo "2. 配置DHCP"
    echo "3. 使用已保存配置"
    echo "4. 保存当前配置"
    echo "5. 显示当前网络状态"
    echo "6. 退出"
    echo -e "${CYAN}==========================${NC}"
    echo -n "请选择: "
}
# 主函数
main() {
    # 检测系统
    detect_os
    # 显示接口
    echo -e "\n${CYAN}可用网络接口:${NC}"
    if [ "$NETWORK_MANAGER" == "nmcli" ]; then
        interfaces=$(nmcli -t -f DEVICE,TYPE device | grep -E ":ethernet:|:wifi:")
        echo "$interfaces" | head -5
    else
        ip link show | grep -v "lo:" | awk -F': ' '{print $2}'
    fi
    while true; do
        show_menu
        read choice
        case $choice in
            1)
                echo -n "接口名称: "; read interface
                echo -n "IP地址: "; read ip
                echo -n "网关: "; read gateway
                echo -n "DNS服务器1: "; read dns1
                echo -n "DNS服务器2: "; read dns2
                if [ "$NETWORK_MANAGER" == "nmcli" ]; then
                    configure_static_nmcli "$interface" "$ip" "$gateway" "$dns1" "$dns2"
                fi
                ;;
            2)
                echo -n "接口名称: "; read interface
                if [ "$NETWORK_MANAGER" == "nmcli" ]; then
                    configure_dhcp_nmcli "$interface"
                fi
                ;;
            3)
                load_config
                echo -n "选择配置编号: "; read config_num
                # 实现配置加载逻辑
                ;;
            4)
                echo -n "配置名称: "; read name
                echo -n "IP地址: "; read ip
                echo -n "网关: "; read gateway
                echo -n "DNS服务器1: "; read dns1
                echo -n "DNS服务器2: "; read dns2
                save_config "$name" "$ip" "$gateway" "$dns1" "$dns2"
                echo -e "${GREEN}配置已保存${NC}"
                ;;
            5)
                echo -e "\n${CYAN}当前网络状态:${NC}"
                if command -v nmcli &> /dev/null; then
                    nmcli device status | head -5
                fi
                ip addr show | grep -E "^[0-9]|inet "
                ;;
            6)
                echo "退出"
                exit 0
                ;;
            *)
                echo -e "${RED}无效选择${NC}"
                ;;
        esac
    done
}
# 运行主函数
main

使用说明

Windows脚本使用：

以管理员身份运行PowerShell

允许脚本执行：

Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser

运行脚本

Linux脚本使用：

赋予执行权限：
```
chmod +x ip-switcher.sh
```
以root权限运行：
```
sudo ./ip-switcher.sh
```

注意事项：

管理员权限：大部分IP配置操作需要管理员/root权限
备份配置：切换前最好备份当前配置
网络连接：切换过程中可能会短暂断开网络
防火墙规则：如果使用防火墙，切换IP后可能需要更新规则

这些脚本覆盖了基本的IP配置切换需求,可以根据您的具体环境进行修改和扩展。

本文地址： https://www.bmjup.com/post/12337.html