本文目录导读：
我来教你如何编写代理IP切换脚本,包含多种实现方式。
基础代理IP切换脚本
Python版本（requests库）
import requests
import random
import time
from itertools import cycle
class ProxyManager:
def __init__(self, proxy_list):
"""
初始化代理管理器
:param proxy_list: 代理列表，格式 ['http://ip:port', ...]
"""
self.proxy_list = proxy_list
self.proxy_cycle = cycle(proxy_list) # 循环使用代理
self.current_proxy = None
def get_next_proxy(self):
"""获取下一个代理"""
self.current_proxy = next(self.proxy_cycle)
return self.current_proxy
def get_random_proxy(self):
"""随机获取一个代理"""
self.current_proxy = random.choice(self.proxy_list)
return self.current_proxy
def test_proxy(self, proxy, timeout=5):
"""测试代理是否可用"""
try:
response = requests.get(
'http://httpbin.org/ip',
proxies={'http': proxy, 'https': proxy},
timeout=timeout
)
if response.status_code == 200:
print(f"代理 {proxy} 有效，IP: {response.json()['origin']}")
return True
except:
print(f"代理 {proxy} 无效")
return False
return False
def filter_working_proxies(self):
"""过滤出有效代理"""
working_proxies = []
for proxy in self.proxy_list:
if self.test_proxy(proxy):
working_proxies.append(proxy)
time.sleep(0.5) # 避免请求过快
return working_proxies
# 使用示例
def main():
# 代理列表（替换为实际代理）
proxy_list = [
'http://proxy1.example.com:8080',
'http://proxy2.example.com:8080',
'http://proxy3.example.com:8080',
# ... 更多代理
]
# 初始化代理管理器
proxy_manager = ProxyManager(proxy_list)
# 过滤有效代理
working_proxies = proxy_manager.filter_working_proxies()
print(f"有效代理: {working_proxies}")
# 使用代理请求
for i in range(10):
proxy = proxy_manager.get_next_proxy() # 或 get_random_proxy()
print(f"使用代理: {proxy}")
try:
response = requests.get(
'https://httpbin.org/ip',
proxies={'http': proxy, 'https': proxy},
timeout=10
)
print(f"请求成功: {response.json()}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"请求失败: {e}")
time.sleep(1) # 适当延迟
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
带身份验证的代理
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
class AuthenticatedProxyManager:
def __init__(self, proxy_list, username=None, password=None):
self.proxy_list = proxy_list
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.auth = None
if username and password:
self.auth = HTTPProxyAuth(username, password)
def make_request(self, url, proxy=None):
"""使用代理发送请求"""
if not proxy:
proxy = random.choice(self.proxy_list)
proxies = {
'http': proxy,
'https': proxy
}
try:
response = requests.get(
url,
proxies=proxies,
auth=self.auth,
timeout=10
)
return response
except Exception as e:
print(f"请求失败: {e}")
return None
# 使用示例
proxy_manager = AuthenticatedProxyManager(
proxy_list=['http://proxy.example.com:8080'],
username='your_username',
password='your_password'
)
response = proxy_manager.make_request('https://httpbin.org/ip')
Selenium WebDriver代理切换
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import random
class SeleniumProxyManager:
def __init__(self, proxy_list):
self.proxy_list = proxy_list
self.driver = None
def create_driver_with_proxy(self, proxy):
"""创建带代理的Chrome浏览器"""
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument(f'--proxy-server={proxy}')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled')
# 可选：设置用户代理
chrome_options.add_argument('--user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36')
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options)
return self.driver
def switch_proxy(self, new_proxy):
"""切换代理（需要重新启动浏览器）"""
if self.driver:
self.driver.quit()
return self.create_driver_with_proxy(new_proxy)
def random_proxy_request(self, url):
"""使用随机代理访问URL"""
proxy = random.choice(self.proxy_list)
print(f"使用代理: {proxy}")
driver = self.create_driver_with_proxy(proxy)
try:
driver.get(url)
return driver.page_source
finally:
driver.quit()
# 使用示例
proxy_list = [
'http://proxy1:8080',
'http://proxy2:8080',
'http://proxy3:8080'
]
selenium_manager = SeleniumProxyManager(proxy_list)
driver = selenium_manager.create_driver_with_proxy('http://proxy1:8080')
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
自动获取和轮换代理
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
class ProxyScraper:
def __init__(self):
self.proxies = []
def get_free_proxies_from_web(self):
"""从免费代理网站获取代理"""
urls = [
'https://www.sslproxies.org/',
'https://free-proxy-list.net/',
# 更多代理源
]
for url in urls:
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers={'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'})
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
# 解析代理表格
proxy_table = soup.find('table', id='proxylisttable')
if proxy_table:
for row in proxy_table.tbody.find_all('tr'):
columns = row.find_all('td')
if len(columns) >= 2:
ip = columns[0].text.strip()
port = columns[1].text.strip()
proxy = f'http://{ip}:{port}'
self.proxies.append(proxy)
except Exception as e:
print(f"获取代理失败: {e}")
return self.proxies
def validate_proxies(self, max_workers=10):
"""验证代理有效性"""
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
working_proxies = []
def test_proxy(proxy):
try:
response = requests.get(
'http://httpbin.org/ip',
proxies={'http': proxy, 'https': proxy},
timeout=5
)
if response.status_code == 200:
return proxy
except:
pass
return None
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as executor:
futures = [executor.submit(test_proxy, proxy) for proxy in self.proxies]
for future in as_completed(futures):
result = future.result()
if result:
working_proxies.append(result)
return working_proxies
# 自动化代理获取和使用
scraper = ProxyScraper()
all_proxies = scraper.get_free_proxies_from_web()
print(f"获取到 {len(all_proxies)} 个代理")
working_proxies = scraper.validate_proxies()
print(f"有效代理: {len(working_proxies)} 个")
# 使用工作代理
proxy_manager = ProxyManager(working_proxies)
高级特性：自动重试和轮换
class AdvancedProxyManager:
def __init__(self, proxy_list, max_retries=3):
self.proxy_list = proxy_list
self.max_retries = max_retries
self.failed_proxies = set()
def request_with_retry(self, url, max_attempts=None):
"""带重试的请求"""
if max_attempts is None:
max_attempts = len(self.proxy_list)
for attempt in range(max_attempts):
# 获取可用代理
available_proxies = [p for p in self.proxy_list if p not in self.failed_proxies]
if not available_proxies:
print("所有代理都已失效")
return None
proxy = random.choice(available_proxies)
try:
response = requests.get(
url,
proxies={'http': proxy, 'https': proxy},
timeout=10
)
if response.status_code == 200:
print(f"第 {attempt + 1} 次尝试成功，使用代理: {proxy}")
return response
else:
print(f"代理 {proxy} 返回状态码: {response.status_code}")
self.failed_proxies.add(proxy)
except Exception as e:
print(f"代理 {proxy} 失败: {e}")
self.failed_proxies.add(proxy)
time.sleep(1) # 重试前等待
return None
def reset_failed_proxies(self):
"""重置失败代理记录"""
self.failed_proxies.clear()
print("已重置失败代理记录")
# 使用示例
advanced_manager = AdvancedProxyManager(proxy_list)
response = advanced_manager.request_with_retry('https://httpbin.org/ip')
使用建议
- 代理来源：可以从付费代理服务、免费代理网站或自建代理池获取
- 验证机制：每次使用前测试代理可用性
- 速度限制：添加适当的延迟避免被封锁
- 错误处理：实现重试机制和备用方案
- 安全考虑：不要在代理请求中传输敏感信息
选择合适的代理IP脚本取决于你的具体需求，如是否需要身份验证、是否使用Selenium等。
