脚本如何批量修改文本内容

本文目录导读：

1. Python脚本 (最灵活)
2. PowerShell脚本 (Windows)
3. Bash脚本 (Linux/Mac)
4. 高级Python示例 (带正则)
5. 批量替换图形界面工具
6. 实用建议
7. 注意事项

Python脚本 (最灵活)

# 基础替换
import os
# 方法1：单个文件替换
with open('input.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    content = f.read()
    content = content.replace('旧文本', '新文本')
    content = content.replace('旧文本2', '新文本2')
with open('output.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write(content)
# 方法2：批量处理多个文件
def batch_replace(file_list, old_text, new_text):
    for filepath in file_list:
        with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            content = f.read()
        content = content.replace(old_text, new_text)
        with open(filepath, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.write(content)
# 使用方法
files = ['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', 'file3.txt']
batch_replace(files, '旧内容', '新内容')

PowerShell脚本 (Windows)

# 单个文件替换
(Get-Content -Path "input.txt") -replace "旧文本", "新文本" | Set-Content "output.txt"
# 批量替换文件夹内所有txt文件
Get-ChildItem -Path "C:\文件夹" -Filter "*.txt" | ForEach-Object {
    $content = Get-Content $_.FullName
    $content = $content -replace "旧文本", "新文本"
    Set-Content $_.FullName $content
}

Bash脚本 (Linux/Mac)

#!/bin/bash
# 单个文件替换
sed -i 's/旧文本/新文本/g' file.txt
# 批量替换当前目录所有txt文件
for file in *.txt; do
    sed -i 's/旧文本/新文本/g' "$file"
done
# 递归替换所有文件
find . -type f -name "*.txt" -exec sed -i 's/旧文本/新文本/g' {} \;

高级Python示例 (带正则)

import re
import os
def advanced_replace(directory, patterns):
    """
    patterns: [('旧文本', '新文本'), (r'\d{3}', '数字')]
    """
    for filename in os.listdir(directory):
        if filename.endswith('.txt'):
            filepath = os.path.join(directory, filename)
            with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                content = f.read()
            # 应用所有替换规则
            for old, new in patterns:
                content = re.sub(old, new, content)
            with open(filepath, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                f.write(content)
# 使用示例
patterns = [
    ('旧文本1', '新文本1'),
    (r'(\d{3})-(\d{4})', r'\1****\2'),  # 隐藏电话号码中间4位
]
advanced_replace('./documents', patterns)

批量替换图形界面工具

• Notepad++: Ctrl+H → "替换" → 点击 "全部替换"
• VS Code: Ctrl+H → 输入新旧文本 → 点击 "全部替换"
• Sublime Text: Ctrl+H → 输入新旧文本 → "Replace All"

实用建议

文件备份

import shutil
def backup_and_replace(filepath, old, new):
    # 创建备份
    shutil.copy(filepath, filepath + '.bak')
    # 执行替换
    with open(filepath, 'r') as f:
        content = f.read()
    content = content.replace(old, new)
    with open(filepath, 'w') as f:
        f.write(content)

批量处理CSV文件

import csv
def process_csv(filepath, column_index, old, new):
    rows = []
    with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        reader = csv.reader(f)
        for row in reader:
            if len(row) > column_index:
                row[column_index] = row[column_index].replace(old, new)
            rows.append(row)
    with open(filepath, 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as f:
        writer = csv.writer(f)
        writer.writerows(rows)

注意事项

1. 测试先行：先在小文件上测试
2. 备份重要：操作前先备份文件
3. 编码问题：注意文件编码（UTF-8, GBK等）
4. 正则转义：使用正则时注意特殊字符转义

需要根据具体的文件格式和替换需求选择合适的方案。