脚本如何检测邮件服务器是否正常

wen 实用脚本 2026-07-09 175

本文目录导读：

脚本如何检测邮件服务器是否正常

Python脚本（SMTP连接检测）
Bash脚本（端口检测+HELO命令）
PowerShell脚本（Windows环境）
Node.js脚本
高级检测（带认证测试）
系统监控集成（Nagios/Icinga风格）
检测要点

Python脚本（SMTP连接检测）

import smtplib
import socket
def check_smtp_server(host, port=25, timeout=10):
    try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP(host, port, timeout=timeout)
        server.ehlo()
        server.quit()
        return True, "SMTP服务正常"
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
        return False, f"SMTP错误: {str(e)}"
    except socket.timeout:
        return False, "连接超时"
    except socket.error as e:
        return False, f"网络错误: {str(e)}"
# 使用示例
status, msg = check_smtp_server("smtp.example.com")
print(f"状态: {status}, 信息: {msg}")

Bash脚本（端口检测+HELO命令）

#!/bin/bash
check_mail_server() {
    HOST="$1"
    PORT="${2:-25}"
    TIMEOUT="${3:-5}"
    # 测试TCP端口连通性
    if ! timeout "$TIMEOUT" bash -c "echo > /dev/tcp/$HOST/$PORT" 2>/dev/null; then
        echo "端口 $PORT 未开放"
        return 1
    fi
    # 发送SMTP HELO命令测试
    result=$(echo -e "HELO test\r\nQUIT\r\n" | timeout "$TIMEOUT" nc -w2 "$HOST" "$PORT" 2>/dev/null)
    if echo "$result" | grep -q "250"; then
        echo "SMTP服务正常"
        return 0
    else
        echo "SMTP响应异常: $result"
        return 2
    fi
}
check_mail_server "smtp.example.com" 25

PowerShell脚本（Windows环境）

function Test-MailServer {
    param(
        [string]$Server = "smtp.example.com",
        [int]$Port = 25,
        [int]$TimeoutSeconds = 5
    )
    $tcpClient = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient
    $connectionResult = $tcpClient.BeginConnect($Server, $Port, $null, $null)
    $wait = $connectionResult.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne($TimeoutSeconds * 1000, $false)
    if (-not $wait) {
        $tcpClient.Close()
        return @{ Status = $false; Message = "连接超时" }
    }
    try {
        $tcpClient.EndConnect($connectionResult)
        $stream = $tcpClient.GetStream()
        # 读取SMTP banner
        $buffer = New-Object byte[] 1024
        $stream.Read($buffer, 0, $buffer.Length) | Out-Null
        $response = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($buffer)
        if ($response -match "220") {
            return @{ Status = $true; Message = "SMTP服务正常" }
        } else {
            return @{ Status = $false; Message = "收到异常响应: $response" }
        }
    }
    finally {
        $tcpClient.Close()
    }
}
Test-MailServer -Server "smtp.example.com" -Port 25

Node.js脚本

const net = require('net');
async function checkMailServer(host, port = 25, timeout = 5000) {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
        const socket = new net.Socket();
        let response = '';
        socket.setTimeout(timeout);
        socket.on('connect', () => {
            // 发送HELO命令
            socket.write('HELO test\r\n');
        });
        socket.on('data', (data) => {
            response += data.toString();
            if (response.includes('250')) {
                socket.write('QUIT\r\n');
                resolve({
                    status: true,
                    message: 'SMTP服务正常',
                    response: response
                });
            }
        });
        socket.on('error', (err) => {
            resolve({
                status: false,
                message: `连接错误: ${err.message}`
            });
        });
        socket.on('timeout', () => {
            socket.destroy();
            resolve({
                status: false,
                message: '连接超时'
            });
        });
        socket.connect(port, host);
    });
}
checkMailServer('smtp.example.com', 25).then(result => {
    console.log(`状态: ${result.status}, 信息: ${result.message}`);
});

高级检测（带认证测试）

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
def full_mail_server_test(host, port, username, password, test_recipient):
    """完整测试：连接、认证、发送测试邮件"""
    results = {}
    # 步骤1：基础连接测试
    try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP(host, port, timeout=10)
        server.ehlo()
        results['connection'] = '成功'
    except Exception as e:
        return {'error': f'连接失败: {str(e)}'}
    # 步骤2：TLS/SSL测试（如果可用）
    if server.has_extn('STARTTLS'):
        try:
            server.starttls()
            server.ehlo()
            results['tls'] = '支持并成功'
        except Exception as e:
            results['tls'] = f'支持但失败: {str(e)}'
    else:
        results['tls'] = '不支持'
    # 步骤3：认证测试
    if username:
        try:
            server.login(username, password)
            results['auth'] = '成功'
        except smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError:
            results['auth'] = '认证失败'
        except Exception as e:
            results['auth'] = f'认证错误: {str(e)}'
    # 步骤4：发送测试邮件
    if test_recipient and 'auth' in results and results['auth'] == '成功':
        try:
            msg = MIMEText('This is a test email from mail server checker')
            msg['Subject'] = 'Mail Server Test'
            msg['From'] = username
            msg['To'] = test_recipient
            server.sendmail(username, [test_recipient], msg.as_string())
            results['send_test'] = '成功'
        except Exception as e:
            results['send_test'] = f'失败: {str(e)}'
    server.quit()
    return results

系统监控集成（Nagios/Icinga风格）

#!/bin/bash
# check_smtp.sh - 兼容Nagios插件的输出格式
STATE_OK=0
STATE_WARNING=1
STATE_CRITICAL=2
STATE_UNKNOWN=3
HOST=$1
PORT=${2:-25}
WARNING=${3:-5}
CRITICAL=${4:-10}
start_time=$(date +%s%N)
# 执行检测
if timeout "$CRITICAL" bash -c "echo > /dev/tcp/$HOST/$PORT" 2>/dev/null; then
    end_time=$(date +%s%N)
    duration=$(( (end_time - start_time) / 1000000 ))
    if [ "$duration" -gt "$CRITICAL" ]; then
        echo "CRITICAL - 响应时间${duration}ms超过阈值"
        exit $STATE_CRITICAL
    elif [ "$duration" -gt "$WARNING" ]; then
        echo "WARNING - 响应时间${duration}ms超过阈值"
        exit $STATE_WARNING
    else
        echo "OK - SMTP端口开放，响应时间${duration}ms"
        exit $STATE_OK
    fi
else
    echo "CRITICAL - 无法连接到 ${HOST}:${PORT}"
    exit $STATE_CRITICAL
fi