本文目录导读：
- 使用 Python（跨平台）
- 使用 Shell 脚本（Linux/macOS）
- 使用 PowerShell（Windows）
- 使用 Python 的 psutil 库（跨平台）
- 使用 lscpu 命令格式输出（Linux）
- 推荐方案
获取处理器拓扑（如核心、线程、缓存、NUMA节点等）可以通过多种语言的脚本实现，以下是常用方法：
使用 Python（跨平台）
基础拓扑信息
import platform
import os
def get_cpu_topology():
info = {}
# 逻辑处理器数量
try:
import multiprocessing
info['logical_cpus'] = multiprocessing.cpu_count()
except:
pass
# 操作系统信息
info['system'] = platform.system()
info['architecture'] = platform.machine()
# Windows 特殊处理
if info['system'] == 'Windows':
info['physical_cpus'] = int(os.environ.get('NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS', 0))
# 更多细节需要 WMI
try:
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI()
for cpu in c.Win32_Processor():
info['name'] = cpu.Name
info['cores'] = cpu.NumberOfCores
info['logical_per_core'] = int(cpu.NumberOfLogicalProcessors) // int(cpu.NumberOfCores)
except ImportError:
pass
return info
print(get_cpu_topology())
详细拓扑（Linux）
import os
def parse_linux_cpu_topology():
"""解析Linux /sys 文件系统获取处理器拓扑"""
topology = {
'packages': {},
'cores': {},
'caches': {}
}
cpu_dir = '/sys/devices/system/cpu'
# 遍历所有CPU
for cpu in os.listdir(cpu_dir):
if not cpu.startswith('cpu') or not cpu[3:].isdigit():
continue
cpu_id = cpu[3:]
cpu_path = os.path.join(cpu_dir, cpu)
# 检查是否在线
online_path = os.path.join(cpu_path, 'online')
if os.path.exists(online_path):
with open(online_path) as f:
if f.read().strip() != '1':
continue
# 获取拓扑信息
topology_path = os.path.join(cpu_path, 'topology')
# 物理包ID
with open(os.path.join(topology_path, 'physical_package_id')) as f:
pkg_id = f.read().strip()
# 核心ID
with open(os.path.join(topology_path, 'core_id')) as f:
core_id = f.read().strip()
# 核心类型
try:
with open(os.path.join(topology_path, 'core_types')) as f:
core_type = f.read().strip()
except FileNotFoundError:
core_type = 'unknown'
# 更新拓扑结构
if pkg_id not in topology['packages']:
topology['packages'][pkg_id] = {'cpu_list': []}
core_key = f"pkg{pkg_id}_core{core_id}"
if core_key not in topology['cores']:
topology['cores'][core_key] = {'package_id': pkg_id, 'core_id': core_id, 'threads': []}
topology['cores'][core_key]['threads'].append(cpu_id)
topology['packages'][pkg_id]['cpu_list'].append(cpu_id)
# 获取缓存信息
for cpu in os.listdir(cpu_dir):
if not cpu.startswith('cpu'):
continue
cpu_path = os.path.join(cpu_dir, cpu, 'cache')
if os.path.exists(cpu_path):
for index in os.listdir(cpu_path):
if index.startswith('index'):
idx_path = os.path.join(cpu_path, index)
level = open(os.path.join(idx_path, 'level')).read().strip()
policy = open(os.path.join(idx_path, 'policy')).read().strip()
size = open(os.path.join(idx_path, 'size')).read().strip()
cache_key = f"L{level}_{index}"
if cache_key not in topology['caches']:
topology['caches'][cache_key] = {'level': level, 'policy': policy, 'size': size}
return topology
topology = parse_linux_cpu_topology()
for pkg, info in topology['packages'].items():
print(f"Package {pkg}: CPUs {info['cpu_list']}")
for core, info in topology['cores'].items():
print(f"Core {core}: Threads {info['threads']}")
使用 Shell 脚本（Linux/macOS）
基础命令
# 查看CPU信息 lscpu | head -20 # 物理CPU数量 echo "物理CPU数:" grep "physical id" /proc/cpuinfo | sort -u | wc -l # 物理核心数 echo "物理核心数:" grep "core id" /proc/cpuinfo | sort -u | wc -l # 逻辑核心数 echo "逻辑核心数:" grep "processor" /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l # 每个物理核心的线程数 echo "每核心线程数:" echo $(( $(nproc) / $(grep "core id" /proc/cpuinfo | sort -u | wc -l) ))
详细拓扑脚本
#!/bin/bash
echo "=== 处理器拓扑 ==="
echo ""
# 获取每个CPU的拓扑信息
echo "CPU 拓扑映射:"
echo "CPU | 父包 | 核心ID | 核心类型"
for cpu in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu[0-9]*; do
if [ -f "$cpu/online" ] && [ "$(cat $cpu/online)" != "1" ]; then
continue
fi
cpu_id=$(basename $cpu | sed 's/cpu//')
pkg_id=$(cat $cpu/topology/physical_package_id 2>/dev/null || echo "N/A")
core_id=$(cat $cpu/topology/core_id 2>/dev/null || echo "N/A")
echo "CPU $cpu_id | Package $pkg_id | Core $core_id"
done
echo ""
echo "=== 缓存拓扑 ==="
for cpu in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu[0-9]*; do
cpu_id=$(basename $cpu | sed 's/cpu//')
cache_info=$(cat $cpu/topology/cache_index0 2>/dev/null)
echo "CPU $cpu_id: $cache_info"
done
echo ""
echo "=== NUMA 节点 ==="
numactl --hardware 2>/dev/null || echo "numactl not installed"
使用 PowerShell（Windows）
# 使用 WMI 获取处理器信息
$cpus = Get-WmiObject Win32_Processor
foreach ($cpu in $cpus) {
Write-Host "CPU: $($cpu.Name)"
Write-Host " Cores: $($cpu.NumberOfCores)"
Write-Host " Logical Processors: $($cpu.NumberOfLogicalProcessors)"
Write-Host " Socket Designation: $($cpu.SocketDesignation)"
# 每核心线程数
$threads_per_core = $cpu.NumberOfLogicalProcessors / $cpu.NumberOfCores
Write-Host " Threads per Core: $threads_per_core"
}
# 使用 Get-CimInstance 获取更详细的信息
$cim_cpus = Get-CimInstance -ClassName CIM_Processor
foreach ($cpu in $cim_cpus) {
Write-Host "`nCPU Details:"
Write-Host " Manufacturer: $($cpu.Manufacturer)"
Write-Host " Max Clock Speed: $($cpu.MaxClockSpeed) MHz"
Write-Host " Architecture: $($cpu.Architecture)"
}
使用 Python 的 psutil 库（跨平台）
import psutil
def get_detailed_topology():
info = {}
# 获取CPU数量
info['physical_cores'] = psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
info['logical_cores'] = psutil.cpu_count(logical=True)
# CPU 频率
freq = psutil.cpu_freq()
info['current_freq'] = freq.current if freq else None
info['max_freq'] = freq.max if freq else None
# 每个核心的使用情况
info['per_cpu_percent'] = psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True, interval=1)
return info
info = get_detailed_topology()
print(f"物理核心: {info['physical_cores']}")
print(f"逻辑核心: {info['logical_cores']}")
print(f"CPU频率: {info['current_freq']} MHz")
使用 lscpu 命令格式输出（Linux）
# 解析lscpu为JSON格式 lscpu --json 2>/dev/null || lscpu # 或者解析为可读格式 lscpu --parse=CORE,CPU,PACKAGE 2>/dev/null || lscpu --parse # 使用特定格式 lscpu --extended
推荐方案
- Linux/Unix: 使用
lscpu或解析/sys文件系统 - Windows: 使用 PowerShell + WMI
- 跨平台脚本: Python +
psutil库 - 快速查看: 直接使用系统命令
这些方法可以获取处理器拓扑的详细信息,包括核心、线程、缓存层次结构和NUMA拓扑。
