用脚本实现键盘快捷键映射

本文目录导读：

1. Linux 环境（AutoKey 脚本）
2. Windows（AutoHotkey 脚本）
3. macOS（Hammerspoon 脚本）
4. 跨平台 Python 脚本（使用 pynput）
5. 配置文件方式（YAML 格式）
6. 使用说明

我来为您提供几种实现键盘快捷键映射的脚本方案,覆盖不同操作系统和使用场景。

Linux 环境（AutoKey 脚本）

# ~/.config/autokey/data/MyScripts/shortcuts.py
# 需要安装 AutoKey: sudo apt install autokey-gtk
import time
# Ctrl+Alt+T → 打开终端
keyboard.send_keys("<ctrl>+<alt>+t")
# 或者自定义快捷键组合
def on_hotkey():
    # Windows 键 + E → 打开文件管理器
    keyboard.send_keys("<super>+e")
    # Ctrl+Shift+V → 粘贴纯文本
    keyboard.send_keys("<ctrl>+<shift>+v")
# 特定应用程序中的快捷键
def in_terminal():
    """在终端中 Ctrl+Shift+C 复制"""
    keyboard.send_keys("<ctrl>+<shift>+c")

Windows（AutoHotkey 脚本）

; shortcuts.ahk - AutoHotkey 快捷键映射脚本
; 下载: https://www.autohotkey.com/
#NoEnv
#SingleInstance Force
; --- 系统快捷键 ---
; Win+E → 打开文件管理器
#e::
    Run, explorer.exe
Return
; Ctrl+Alt+T → 打开终端
^!t::
    Run, cmd.exe
Return
; --- 文本编辑快捷键 ---
; Ctrl+Shift+V → 粘贴纯文本
^+v::
    PastePlain()
Return
PastePlain() {
    ClipSaved := ClipboardAll
    Clipboard := ""
    Send, ^c
    Sleep, 50
    Clipboard := Clipboard
    Send, ^v
    Sleep, 50
    Clipboard := ClipSaved
}
; --- 窗口管理 ---
; Win+↑ → 最大化窗口
#Up::
    WinMaximize, A
Return
; Win+↓ → 最小化窗口
#Down::
    WinMinimize, A
Return
; --- 媒体按键 ---
; Ctrl+Alt+→ → 下一曲
^!Right::
    Send, {Media_Next}
Return
; Ctrl+Alt+← → 上一曲
^!Left::
    Send, {Media_Prev}
Return
; Ctrl+Alt+Space → 播放/暂停
^!Space::
    Send, {Media_Play_Pause}
Return
; --- 鼠标快捷键 ---
; XButton1 (鼠标侧键) → 复制
XButton1::
    Send, ^c
Return
; XButton2 (鼠标侧键) → 粘贴
XButton2::
    Send, ^v
Return
; 程序特定快捷键
#IfWinActive, ahk_class Notepad
    ; 在记事本中 Ctrl+Q 退出
    ^q::
        Send, !{F4}
    Return
#IfWinActive

macOS（Hammerspoon 脚本）

-- ~/.hammerspoon/init.lua
-- 安装: brew install hammerspoon
-- 加载辅助功能权限
hs.loadSpoon("ControlEscape")
-- 定义快捷键映射
local hotkeys = {
    -- 应用程序快捷键
    { {"cmd", "alt"}, "T", function()
        hs.application.launchOrFocus("Terminal")
    end},
    -- 窗口管理
    { {"cmd", "alt"}, "H", function()
        hs.window.focusedWindow():moveToUnit(hs.layout.left50)
    end},
    { {"cmd", "alt"}, "L", function()
        hs.window.focusedWindow():moveToUnit(hs.layout.right50)
    end},
    { {"cmd", "alt", "shift"}, "H", function()
        hs.window.focusedWindow():moveToUnit(hs.layout.maximized)
    end},
    -- 剪贴板历史
    { {"cmd", "shift"}, "V", function()
        hs.eventtap.keyStrokes(hs.pasteboard.getContents())
    end},
    -- 快速打开应用
    { {"cmd", "alt"}, "F", function()
        hs.application.launchOrFocus("Finder")
    end},
    { {"cmd", "alt"}, "C", function()
        hs.application.launchOrFocus("Calculator")
    end},
}
-- 注册所有快捷键
for _, hotkey in ipairs(hotkeys) do
    hs.hotkey.bind(unpack(hotkey))
end
-- 状态菜单
hs.menubar.new():setTitle("⌨️")
-- 屏幕亮度调节
hs.hotkey.bind({"cmd", "alt"}, "Up", function()
    hs.brightness.set(hs.brightness.get() + 0.1)
end)
hs.hotkey.bind({"cmd", "alt"}, "Down", function()
    hs.brightness.set(hs.brightness.get() - 0.1)
end)
-- 音量控制
hs.hotkey.bind({"cmd", "alt"}, "Right", function()
    hs.audiodevice.defaultOutputDevice():setVolume(
        hs.audiodevice.defaultOutputDevice():volume() + 0.05
    )
end)
hs.hotkey.bind({"cmd", "alt"}, "Left", function()
    hs.audiodevice.defaultOutputDevice():setVolume(
        hs.audiodevice.defaultOutputDevice():volume() - 0.05
    )
end)

跨平台 Python 脚本（使用 pynput）

# keyboard_mapper.py
# 安装: pip install pynput
from pynput import keyboard
import subprocess
import os
import sys
class KeyboardMapper:
    def __init__(self):
        self.current_keys = set()
        self.listener = keyboard.Listener(
            on_press=self.on_press,
            on_release=self.on_release
        )
        # 定义快捷键映射
        self.shortcuts = {
            # (修饰键组合, 触发键): 执行函数
            (frozenset([keyboard.Key.ctrl, keyboard.Key.alt]), 't'): self.open_terminal,
            (frozenset([keyboard.Key.ctrl, keyboard.Key.alt]), 'f'): self.open_finder,
            (frozenset([keyboard.Key.ctrl, keyboard.Key.shift]), 'v'): self.paste_plain,
        }
    def on_press(self, key):
        try:
            self.current_keys.add(key)
            self.check_shortcut()
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error: {e}")
    def on_release(self, key):
        try:
            if key in self.current_keys:
                self.current_keys.remove(key)
        except:
            pass
    def check_shortcut(self):
        # 获取当前按下的修饰键
        modifiers = frozenset(k for k in self.current_keys 
                            if k in [keyboard.Key.ctrl, keyboard.Key.alt, 
                                    keyboard.Key.shift, keyboard.Key.cmd])
        # 获取最后一个按下的非修饰键
        non_modifiers = [k for k in self.current_keys 
                        if k not in [keyboard.Key.ctrl, keyboard.Key.alt, 
                                    keyboard.Key.shift, keyboard.Key.cmd]]
        if non_modifiers:
            last_key = non_modifiers[-1]
            try:
                if hasattr(last_key, 'char'):
                    key_char = last_key.char
                else:
                    key_char = str(last_key).replace('Key.', '')
                shortcut_key = (modifiers, key_char)
                if shortcut_key in self.shortcuts:
                    self.shortcuts[shortcut_key]()
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"Shortcut error: {e}")
    def open_terminal(self):
        if sys.platform == 'linux':
            subprocess.run(['x-terminal-emulator'])
        elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
            subprocess.run(['open', '-a', 'Terminal'])
        elif sys.platform == 'win32':
            subprocess.run(['cmd.exe'])
    def open_finder(self):
        if sys.platform == 'darwin':
            subprocess.run(['open', '.'])
        elif sys.platform == 'win32':
            subprocess.run(['explorer.exe'])
    def paste_plain(self):
        if sys.platform == 'linux':
            subprocess.run(['xdotool', 'key', '--clearmodifiers', 'ctrl+v'])
    def start(self):
        print("Keyboard mapper started. Press Ctrl+Alt+T to test.")
        with self.listener:
            self.listener.join()
if __name__ == "__main__":
    mapper = KeyboardMapper()
    mapper.start()

配置文件方式（YAML 格式）

# shortcuts.yml
# 通用快捷键配置文件
shortcuts:
  application:
    - hotkey: "Ctrl+Alt+T"
      action: "open_terminal"
      description: "打开终端"
    - hotkey: "Win+E"
      action: "open_file_manager"
      description: "打开文件管理器"
    - hotkey: "Ctrl+Shift+V"
      action: "paste_plain_text"
      description: "粘贴纯文本"
  window:
    - hotkey: "Win+Up"
      action: "maximize_window"
      description: "最大化窗口"
    - hotkey: "Win+Down"
      action: "minimize_window"
      description: "最小化窗口"
    - hotkey: "Win+Left"
      action: "snap_left"
      description: "窗口靠左"
    - hotkey: "Win+Right"
      action: "snap_right"
      description: "窗口靠右"
  media:
    - hotkey: "Ctrl+Alt+Right"
      action: "next_track"
      description: "下一曲"
    - hotkey: "Ctrl+Alt+Left"
      action: "prev_track"
      description: "上一曲"
    - hotkey: "Ctrl+Alt+Space"
      action: "play_pause"
      description: "播放/暂停"
# 自定义映射
custom_mappings:
  - from: "CapsLock"
    to: "Ctrl"
    description: "CapsLock 映射为 Ctrl"
  - from: "RightAlt"
    to: "Shift"
    description: "右 Alt 映射为 Shift"

使用说明

选择建议：

1. Windows 用户 → AutoHotkey（最成熟、功能最全）
2. macOS 用户 → Hammerspoon（Lua 脚本，灵活强大）
3. Linux 用户 → AutoKey（Python 脚本）或 xdotool
4. 跨平台需求 → Python + pynput

快速开始：

# AutoHotkey（Windows）
# 1. 安装 AutoHotkey
# 2. 创建 .ahk 文件并粘贴脚本
# 3. 双击运行
# Hammerspoon（macOS）
# 1. 安装: brew install hammerspoon
# 2. 创建 ~/.hammerspoon/init.lua
# 3. 重新加载配置
# Python 跨平台
pip install pynput
python keyboard_mapper.py

注意事项：

• 避免与系统或软件已有的快捷键冲突
• 在 macOS 上需要授权辅助功能权限
• 管理员权限可能需要在 Windows 上运行某些操作
• 定期备份配置文件

需要针对特定场景或操作系统做更详细的定制吗？