Java调用大模型案例

本文目录导读：

1. 调用OpenAI GPT模型（最通用）
2. 调用百度文心一言
3. 调用阿里通义千问
4. 通用大模型调用工具类
5. 使用建议

我来为您提供几个Java调用大模型（如OpenAI、百度文心、阿里通义千问等）的完整案例。

调用OpenAI GPT模型（最通用）

添加Maven依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
    <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
    <version>4.12.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
    <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
    <version>2.10.1</version>
</dependency>

基础调用示例

import okhttp3.*;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
import java.io.IOException;
public class OpenAIClient {
    private static final String API_KEY = "your-openai-api-key";
    private static final String API_URL = "https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions";
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String response = callGPT("用中文介绍一下Java语言");
            System.out.println("AI响应: " + response);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static String callGPT(String prompt) throws IOException {
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
            .connectTimeout(30, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS)
            .readTimeout(60, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS)
            .build();
        // 构建请求体
        JsonObject requestBody = new JsonObject();
        requestBody.addProperty("model", "gpt-3.5-turbo");
        JsonObject message = new JsonObject();
        message.addProperty("role", "user");
        message.addProperty("content", prompt);
        requestBody.add("messages", JsonParser.parseString(
            "[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"" + prompt + "\"}]"
        ));
        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(
            MediaType.parse("application/json"),
            requestBody.toString()
        );
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url(API_URL)
            .header("Authorization", "Bearer " + API_KEY)
            .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
            .post(body)
            .build();
        try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
                throw new IOException("API调用失败: " + response.code());
            }
            String jsonResponse = response.body().string();
            // 解析返回的JSON
            JsonObject jsonObject = JsonParser.parseString(jsonResponse).getAsJsonObject();
            return jsonObject.getAsJsonArray("choices")
                .get(0).getAsJsonObject()
                .get("message").getAsJsonObject()
                .get("content").getAsString();
        }
    }
}

带流式输出的高级版本

import okhttp3.*;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class OpenAIStreamClient {
    private static final String API_KEY = "your-openai-api-key";
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            streamCall("写一首关于春天的诗");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static void streamCall(String prompt) throws Exception {
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
            .connectTimeout(30, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS)
            .readTimeout(0, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS) // 无超时
            .build();
        // 构建请求体
        JsonObject requestBody = new JsonObject();
        requestBody.addProperty("model", "gpt-3.5-turbo");
        requestBody.addProperty("stream", true);
        JsonObject message = new JsonObject();
        message.addProperty("role", "user");
        message.addProperty("content", prompt);
        requestBody.add("messages", JsonParser.parseString(
            "[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"" + prompt + "\"}]"
        ));
        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(
            MediaType.parse("application/json"),
            requestBody.toString()
        );
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url("https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions")
            .header("Authorization", "Bearer " + API_KEY)
            .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
            .post(body)
            .build();
        // 流式处理
        client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                System.err.println("请求失败: " + e.getMessage());
            }
            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
                    System.err.println("请求失败: " + response.code());
                    return;
                }
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
                    new InputStreamReader(response.body().byteStream())
                );
                String line;
                while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                    if (line.startsWith("data: ")) {
                        String data = line.substring(6);
                        if ("[DONE]".equals(data)) {
                            break;
                        }
                        try {
                            JsonObject jsonObject = JsonParser.parseString(data).getAsJsonObject();
                            String content = jsonObject.getAsJsonArray("choices")
                                .get(0).getAsJsonObject()
                                .getAsJsonObject("delta")
                                .get("content")
                                .getAsString();
                            System.out.print(content); // 流式输出
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            // 跳过结尾标记
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        // 等待流式输出完成
        Thread.sleep(10000);
    }
}

调用百度文心一言

import okhttp3.*;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
public class BaiduWenxinClient {
    private static final String API_KEY = "your-baidu-api-key";
    private static final String SECRET_KEY = "your-baidu-secret-key";
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String accessToken = getAccessToken();
            String response = callWenxin(accessToken, "用中文介绍Java编程语言");
            System.out.println("文心一言响应: " + response);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    // 获取Access Token
    private static String getAccessToken() throws IOException {
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(
            MediaType.parse("application/x-www-form-urlencoded"),
            "grant_type=client_credentials&client_id=" + API_KEY + 
            "&client_secret=" + SECRET_KEY
        );
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url("https://aip.baidubce.com/oauth/2.0/token")
            .post(body)
            .build();
        try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            String json = response.body().string();
            JsonObject jsonObject = JsonParser.parseString(json).getAsJsonObject();
            return jsonObject.get("access_token").getAsString();
        }
    }
    // 调用文心一言API
    private static String callWenxin(String accessToken, String prompt) throws IOException {
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
            .connectTimeout(30, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS)
            .readTimeout(60, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS)
            .build();
        JsonObject requestBody = new JsonObject();
        requestBody.addProperty("messages", "[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"" + prompt + "\"}]");
        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(
            MediaType.parse("application/json"),
            requestBody.toString()
        );
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url("https://aip.baidubce.com/rpc/2.0/ai_custom/v1/wenxinworkshop/chat/completions?access_token=" + accessToken)
            .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
            .post(body)
            .build();
        try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            String jsonResponse = response.body().string();
            JsonObject jsonObject = JsonParser.parseString(jsonResponse).getAsJsonObject();
            return jsonObject.get("result").getAsString();
        }
    }
}

调用阿里通义千问

import okhttp3.*;
import com.google.gson.*;
public class TongyiQwenClient {
    private static final String API_KEY = "your-dashscope-api-key";
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String response = callQwen("用Java写一个Hello World程序");
            System.out.println("通义千问响应: " + response);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static String callQwen(String prompt) throws IOException {
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
            .connectTimeout(30, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS)
            .readTimeout(60, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS)
            .build();
        // 构建请求体
        JsonObject requestBody = new JsonObject();
        requestBody.addProperty("model", "qwen-turbo");
        JsonObject input = new JsonObject();
        input.addProperty("prompt", prompt);
        requestBody.add("input", input);
        JsonObject parameters = new JsonObject();
        parameters.addProperty("temperature", 0.8);
        parameters.addProperty("top_p", 0.8);
        requestBody.add("parameters", parameters);
        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(
            MediaType.parse("application/json"),
            requestBody.toString()
        );
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url("https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/api/v1/services/aigc/text-generation/generation")
            .header("Authorization", "Bearer " + API_KEY)
            .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
            .post(body)
            .build();
        try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            String jsonResponse = response.body().string();
            JsonObject jsonObject = JsonParser.parseString(jsonResponse).getAsJsonObject();
            return jsonObject.getAsJsonObject("output").get("text").getAsString();
        }
    }
}

通用大模型调用工具类

import okhttp3.*;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class AIModelClient {
    private static final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
        .connectTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .writeTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .build();
    // 通用调用方法
    public static String callAI(String url, String apiKey, String model, String prompt) throws Exception {
        JsonObject requestBody = new JsonObject();
        requestBody.addProperty("model", model);
        JsonObject message = new JsonObject();
        message.addProperty("role", "user");
        message.addProperty("content", prompt);
        requestBody.add("messages", JsonParser.parseString(
            "[{\"role\":\"user\",\"content\":\"" + prompt + "\"}]"
        ));
        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(
            MediaType.parse("application/json"),
            requestBody.toString()
        );
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url(url)
            .header("Authorization", "Bearer " + apiKey)
            .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
            .post(body)
            .build();
        try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
                throw new Exception("API调用失败: " + response.code());
            }
            String jsonResponse = response.body().string();
            JsonObject jsonObject = JsonParser.parseString(jsonResponse).getAsJsonObject();
            // 通用解析逻辑（根据实际API调整）
            return jsonObject.getAsJsonArray("choices")
                .get(0).getAsJsonObject()
                .get("message").getAsJsonObject()
                .get("content").getAsString();
        }
    }
    // 使用示例
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String response = callAI(
                "https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions",
                "your-api-key",
                "gpt-3.5-turbo",
                "用Java实现一个单例模式"
            );
            System.out.println("AI响应: " + response);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

使用建议

1. API Key管理：建议使用环境变量或配置文件存储API Key
2. 错误处理：添加重试机制和更好的错误处理
3. 流式处理：对长文本回复使用流式API
4. 限流控制：注意API调用频率限制
5. 成本控制：监控API使用量和费用

这些案例涵盖了主流大模型的调用方式,您可以根据需要选择使用，注意替换代码中的API Key为实际的值。