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Java后端分离案例

wen java案例 1

本文目录导读：

Java后端分离案例

  1. 项目结构
  2. 后端（Spring Boot）
  3. 前端（Vue.js）

我来为您提供一个完整的Java前后端分离案例，使用Spring Boot作为后端，Vue.js作为前端。

项目结构

project-root/
├── backend/          # Spring Boot后端
└── frontend/         # Vue.js前端

后端（Spring Boot）

创建Spring Boot项目

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
         https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.14</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-management</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>user-management</name>
    <description>用户管理系统</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- Web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- JPA -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- MySQL -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.33</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Validation -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!-- JWT -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

配置文件

application.yml

server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/user_management?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: root
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
    properties:
      hibernate:
        format_sql: true
# JWT配置
jwt:
  secret: your-secret-key-here-change-in-production
  expiration: 86400000 # 24小时
# CORS配置
cors:
  allowed-origins: http://localhost:3000

实体类

User.java

package com.example.usermanagement.entity;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.persistence.*;
import javax.validation.constraints.*;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
@Data
@Entity
@Table(name = "users")
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    @NotBlank(message = "用户名不能为空")
    @Size(min = 3, max = 50, message = "用户名长度必须在3-50之间")
    @Column(unique = true, nullable = false)
    private String username;
    @NotBlank(message = "邮箱不能为空")
    @Email(message = "邮箱格式不正确")
    @Column(unique = true, nullable = false)
    private String email;
    @NotBlank(message = "密码不能为空")
    @Size(min = 6, message = "密码至少6位")
    private String password;
    @Column(name = "created_at")
    private LocalDateTime createdAt;
    @Column(name = "updated_at")
    private LocalDateTime updatedAt;
    @PrePersist
    protected void onCreate() {
        createdAt = LocalDateTime.now();
        updatedAt = LocalDateTime.now();
    }
    @PreUpdate
    protected void onUpdate() {
        updatedAt = LocalDateTime.now();
    }
}

数据传输对象 (DTO)

UserDTO.java

package com.example.usermanagement.dto;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.validation.constraints.*;
@Data
public class UserDTO {
    private Long id;
    @NotBlank(message = "用户名不能为空")
    @Size(min = 3, max = 50, message = "用户名长度必须在3-50之间")
    private String username;
    @NotBlank(message = "邮箱不能为空")
    @Email(message = "邮箱格式不正确")
    private String email;
    @NotBlank(message = "密码不能为空")
    @Size(min = 6, message = "密码至少6位")
    private String password;
}

LoginRequest.java

package com.example.usermanagement.dto;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.validation.constraints.*;
@Data
public class LoginRequest {
    @NotBlank(message = "用户名不能为空")
    private String username;
    @NotBlank(message = "密码不能为空")
    private String password;
}

LoginResponse.java

package com.example.usermanagement.dto;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class LoginResponse {
    private String token;
    private String username;
    private String email;
    public LoginResponse(String token, String username, String email) {
        this.token = token;
        this.username = username;
        this.email = email;
    }
}

Repository

UserRepository.java

package com.example.usermanagement.repository;
import com.example.usermanagement.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.Optional;
@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
    Optional<User> findByUsername(String username);
    Optional<User> findByEmail(String email);
    Boolean existsByUsername(String username);
    Boolean existsByEmail(String email);
}

Service

UserService.java

package com.example.usermanagement.service;
import com.example.usermanagement.dto.*;
import com.example.usermanagement.entity.User;
import com.example.usermanagement.repository.UserRepository;
import com.example.usermanagement.util.JwtUtil;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;
    @Autowired
    private JwtUtil jwtUtil;
    @Autowired
    private BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
    public LoginResponse register(UserDTO userDTO) {
        // 检查用户名是否已存在
        if (userRepository.existsByUsername(userDTO.getUsername())) {
            throw new RuntimeException("用户名已存在");
        }
        // 检查邮箱是否已存在
        if (userRepository.existsByEmail(userDTO.getEmail())) {
            throw new RuntimeException("邮箱已被注册");
        }
        // 创建新用户
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername(userDTO.getUsername());
        user.setEmail(userDTO.getEmail());
        user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(userDTO.getPassword()));
        User savedUser = userRepository.save(user);
        // 生成JWT token
        String token = jwtUtil.generateToken(savedUser.getUsername());
        return new LoginResponse(token, savedUser.getUsername(), savedUser.getEmail());
    }
    public LoginResponse login(LoginRequest loginRequest) {
        User user = userRepository.findByUsername(loginRequest.getUsername())
                .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("用户不存在"));
        if (!passwordEncoder.matches(loginRequest.getPassword(), user.getPassword())) {
            throw new RuntimeException("密码错误");
        }
        String token = jwtUtil.generateToken(user.getUsername());
        return new LoginResponse(token, user.getUsername(), user.getEmail());
    }
    public List<UserDTO> getAllUsers() {
        return userRepository.findAll().stream()
                .map(user -> {
                    UserDTO dto = new UserDTO();
                    dto.setId(user.getId());
                    dto.setUsername(user.getUsername());
                    dto.setEmail(user.getEmail());
                    return dto;
                })
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }
    public UserDTO getUserById(Long id) {
        User user = userRepository.findById(id)
                .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("用户不存在"));
        UserDTO dto = new UserDTO();
        dto.setId(user.getId());
        dto.setUsername(user.getUsername());
        dto.setEmail(user.getEmail());
        return dto;
    }
    public UserDTO updateUser(Long id, UserDTO userDTO) {
        User user = userRepository.findById(id)
                .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("用户不存在"));
        user.setUsername(userDTO.getUsername());
        user.setEmail(userDTO.getEmail());
        if (userDTO.getPassword() != null && !userDTO.getPassword().isEmpty()) {
            user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(userDTO.getPassword()));
        }
        User updatedUser = userRepository.save(user);
        UserDTO dto = new UserDTO();
        dto.setId(updatedUser.getId());
        dto.setUsername(updatedUser.getUsername());
        dto.setEmail(updatedUser.getEmail());
        return dto;
    }
    public void deleteUser(Long id) {
        userRepository.deleteById(id);
    }
}

JWT工具类

JwtUtil.java

package com.example.usermanagement.util;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.Function;
@Component
public class JwtUtil {
    @Value("${jwt.secret}")
    private String secret;
    @Value("${jwt.expiration}")
    private Long expiration;
    public String generateToken(String username) {
        Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
        return createToken(claims, username);
    }
    private String createToken(Map<String, Object> claims, String subject) {
        return Jwts.builder()
                .setClaims(claims)
                .setSubject(subject)
                .setIssuedAt(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()))
                .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration))
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, secret)
                .compact();
    }
    public String extractUsername(String token) {
        return extractClaim(token, Claims::getSubject);
    }
    public Date extractExpiration(String token) {
        return extractClaim(token, Claims::getExpiration);
    }
    public <T> T extractClaim(String token, Function<Claims, T> claimsResolver) {
        final Claims claims = extractAllClaims(token);
        return claimsResolver.apply(claims);
    }
    private Claims extractAllClaims(String token) {
        return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
    }
    private Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
        return extractExpiration(token).before(new Date());
    }
    public Boolean validateToken(String token, String username) {
        final String extractedUsername = extractUsername(token);
        return (extractedUsername.equals(username) && !isTokenExpired(token));
    }
}

过滤器

JwtRequestFilter.java

package com.example.usermanagement.filter;
import com.example.usermanagement.service.UserService;
import com.example.usermanagement.util.JwtUtil;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@Component
public class JwtRequestFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
    @Autowired
    private JwtUtil jwtUtil;
    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
                                   FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        final String authorizationHeader = request.getHeader("Authorization");
        String username = null;
        String jwt = null;
        if (authorizationHeader != null && authorizationHeader.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
            jwt = authorizationHeader.substring(7);
            try {
                username = jwtUtil.extractUsername(jwt);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // Token无效
            }
        }
        if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
            if (jwtUtil.validateToken(jwt, username)) {
                UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authenticationToken = 
                    new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, null, null);
                authenticationToken.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));
                SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authenticationToken);
            }
        }
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }
}

Controller

UserController.java

package com.example.usermanagement.controller;
import com.example.usermanagement.dto.*;
import com.example.usermanagement.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/users")
@Validated
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    @PostMapping("/register")
    public ResponseEntity<?> register(@Valid @RequestBody UserDTO userDTO) {
        try {
            LoginResponse response = userService.register(userDTO);
            return ResponseEntity.ok(response);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(Map.of("error", e.getMessage()));
        }
    }
    @PostMapping("/login")
    public ResponseEntity<?> login(@Valid @RequestBody LoginRequest loginRequest) {
        try {
            LoginResponse response = userService.login(loginRequest);
            return ResponseEntity.ok(response);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(Map.of("error", e.getMessage()));
        }
    }
    @GetMapping
    public ResponseEntity<List<UserDTO>> getAllUsers() {
        List<UserDTO> users = userService.getAllUsers();
        return ResponseEntity.ok(users);
    }
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<?> getUserById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        try {
            UserDTO user = userService.getUserById(id);
            return ResponseEntity.ok(user);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND).body(Map.of("error", e.getMessage()));
        }
    }
    @PutMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<?> updateUser(@PathVariable Long id, @Valid @RequestBody UserDTO userDTO) {
        try {
            UserDTO updatedUser = userService.updateUser(id, userDTO);
            return ResponseEntity.ok(updatedUser);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(Map.of("error", e.getMessage()));
        }
    }
    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<?> deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        try {
            userService.deleteUser(id);
            Map<String, Boolean> response = new HashMap<>();
            response.put("deleted", true);
            return ResponseEntity.ok(response);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(Map.of("error", e.getMessage()));
        }
    }
}

Security配置

SecurityConfig.java

package com.example.usermanagement.config;
import com.example.usermanagement.filter.JwtRequestFilter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;
import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration;
import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfigurationSource;
import org.springframework.web.cors.UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource;
import java.util.Arrays;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Autowired
    private JwtRequestFilter jwtRequestFilter;
    @Bean
    public BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
            .cors().and()
            .csrf().disable()
            .authorizeRequests()
            .antMatchers("/api/users/register", "/api/users/login").permitAll()
            .anyRequest().authenticated()
            .and()
            .sessionManagement()
            .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);
        http.addFilterBefore(jwtRequestFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
    }
    @Bean
    public CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {
        CorsConfiguration configuration = new CorsConfiguration();
        configuration.setAllowedOrigins(Arrays.asList("http://localhost:3000"));
        configuration.setAllowedMethods(Arrays.asList("GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS"));
        configuration.setAllowedHeaders(Arrays.asList("*"));
        configuration.setAllowCredentials(true);
        UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
        source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", configuration);
        return source;
    }
}

主类

UserManagementApplication.java

package com.example.usermanagement;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
@SpringBootApplication
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.example.usermanagement")
public class UserManagementApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserManagementApplication.class, args);
    }
}

前端（Vue.js）

创建Vue项目

npm install -g @vue/cli
vue create frontend
cd frontend
npm install axios vue-router@3 vuex@3

主入口文件

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import axios from 'axios'
import router from './router'
import store from './store'
axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://localhost:8080/api'
// 添加token到请求头
axios.interceptors.request.use(config => {
  const token = localStorage.getItem('token')
  if (token) {
    config.headers.Authorization = `Bearer ${token}`
  }
  return config
})
// 响应拦截器
axios.interceptors.response.use(
  response => response,
  error => {
    if (error.response.status === 401) {
      localStorage.removeItem('token')
      router.push('/login')
    }
    return Promise.reject(error)
  }
)
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
  router,
  store,
  render: h => h(App)
}).$mount('#app')

路由配置

router/index.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
Vue.use(VueRouter)
const routes = [
  {
    path: '/',
    name: 'Home',
    component: () => import('../views/Home.vue')
  },
  {
    path: '/login',
    name: 'Login',
    component: () => import('../views/Login.vue')
  },
  {
    path: '/register',
    name: 'Register',
    component: () => import('../views/Register.vue')
  },
  {
    path: '/users',
    name: 'Users',
    component: () => import('../views/UserList.vue')
  },
  {
    path: '/profile',
    name: 'Profile',
    component: () => import('../views/Profile.vue')
  }
]
const router = new VueRouter({
  mode: 'history',
  base: process.env.BASE_URL,
  routes
})
// 路由守卫
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
  const isAuthenticated = localStorage.getItem('token')
  if (to.name !== 'Login' && to.name !== 'Register' && !isAuthenticated) {
    next({ name: 'Login' })
  } else {
    next()
  }
})
export default router

状态管理

store/index.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
export default new Vuex.Store({
  state: {
    user: null,
    isAuthenticated: false
  },
  mutations: {
    setUser(state, user) {
      state.user = user
      state.isAuthenticated = !!user
    },
    logout(state) {
      state.user = null
      state.isAuthenticated = false
      localStorage.removeItem('token')
      localStorage.removeItem('user')
    }
  },
  actions: {
    login({ commit }, userData) {
      localStorage.setItem('token', userData.token)
      localStorage.setItem('user', JSON.stringify({
        username: userData.username,
        email: userData.email
      }))
      commit('setUser', {
        username: userData.username,
        email: userData.email
      })
    },
    logout({ commit }) {
      commit('logout')
    },
    initUser({ commit }) {
      const user = localStorage.getItem('user')
      if (user) {
        commit('setUser', JSON.parse(user))
      }
    }
  },
  getters: {
    isAuthenticated: state => state.isAuthenticated,
    currentUser: state => state.user
  }
})

视图组件

views/Login.vue

<template>
  <div class="container">
    <div class="form-wrapper">
      <h2>登录</h2>
      <form @submit.prevent="handleLogin">
        <div class="form-group">
          <label>用户名</label>
          <input 
            type="text" 
            v-model="loginForm.username"
            required
          >
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
          <label>密码</label>
          <input 
            type="password" 
            v-model="loginForm.password"
            required
          >
        </div>
        <button type="submit" :disabled="loading">
          {{ loading ? '登录中...' : '登录' }}
        </button>
        <p class="error" v-if="error">{{ error }}</p>
        <p>
          还没有账号？
          <router-link to="/register">注册</router-link>
        </p>
      </form>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import axios from 'axios'
export default {
  name: 'Login',
  data() {
    return {
      loginForm: {
        username: '',
        password: ''
      },
      loading: false,
      error: ''
    }
  },
  methods: {
    async handleLogin() {
      this.loading = true
      this.error = ''
      try {
        const response = await axios.post('/users/login', this.loginForm)
        this.$store.dispatch('login', response.data)
        this.$router.push('/')
        this.$message.success('登录成功')
      } catch (error) {
        this.error = error.response?.data?.error || '登录失败'
      } finally {
        this.loading = false
      }
    }
  }
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.container {
  max-width: 400px;
  margin: 50px auto;
  padding: 20px;
}
.form-wrapper {
  background: white;
  padding: 30px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
h2 {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.form-group {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  font-weight: 500;
}
input {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 10px;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 14px;
}
button {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 10px;
  background-color: #42b983;
  color: white;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 4px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 16px;
}
button:disabled {
  opacity: 0.6;
  cursor: not-allowed;
}
.error {
  color: red;
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 10px;
}
p {
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 20px;
}
a {
  color: #42b983;
  text-decoration: none;
}
</style>

views/UserList.vue

<template>
  <div class="container">
    <h2>用户列表</h2>
    <button @click="showAddModal = true" class="btn-add">
      添加用户
    </button>
    <table class="user-table">
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th>ID</th>
          <th>用户名</th>
          <th>邮箱</th>
          <th>操作</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr v-for="user in users" :key="user.id">
          <td>{{ user.id }}</td>
          <td>{{ user.username }}</td>
          <td>{{ user.email }}</td>
          <td>
            <button @click="editUser(user)" class="btn-edit">编辑</button>
            <button @click="deleteUser(user.id)" class="btn-delete">删除</button>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <!-- 添加/编辑模态框 -->
    <div v-if="showAddModal || editingUser" class="modal">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <h3>{{ editingUser ? '编辑用户' : '添加用户' }}</h3>
        <div class="form-group">
          <label>用户名</label>
          <input 
            type="text" 
            v-model="form.username"
            @blur="validateUsername"
          >
          <span v-if="errors.username" class="error">{{ errors.username }}</span>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
          <label>邮箱</label>
          <input 
            type="email" 
            v-model="form.email"
            @blur="validateEmail"
          >
          <span v-if="errors.email" class="error">{{ errors.email }}</span>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
          <label>{{ editingUser ? '密码（留空保持不变）' : '密码' }}</label>
          <input 
            type="password" 
            v-model="form.password"
            @blur="validatePassword"
          >
          <span v-if="errors.password" class="error">{{ errors.password }}</span>
        </div>
        <div class="modal-actions">
          <button @click="closeModal" class="btn-cancel">取消</button>
          <button @click="saveUser" :disabled="!isValid" class="btn-save">
            保存
          </button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import axios from 'axios'
export default {
  name: 'UserList',
  data() {
    return {
      users: [],
      showAddModal: false,
      editingUser: null,
      form: {
        username: '',
        email: '',
        password: ''
      },
      errors: {}
    }
  },
  computed: {
    isValid() {
      return !Object.values(this.errors).some(error => error !== '')
    }
  },
  created() {
    this.fetchUsers()
  },
  methods: {
    async fetchUsers() {
      try {
        const response = await axios.get('/users')
        this.users = response.data
      } catch (error) {
        console.error('获取用户列表失败：', error)
      }
    },
    validateUsername() {
      if (!this.form.username) {
        this.errors.username = '用户名不能为空'
      } else if (this.form.username.length < 3) {
        this.errors.username = '用户名至少3个字符'
      } else {
        this.errors.username = ''
      }
    },
    validateEmail() {
      if (!this.form.email) {
        this.errors.email = '邮箱不能为空'
      } else if (!this.isValidEmail(this.form.email)) {
        this.errors.email = '邮箱格式不正确'
      } else {
        this.errors.email = ''
      }
    },
    isValidEmail(email) {
      return /^\w+([\.-]?\w+)*@\w+([\.-]?\w+)*(\.\w{2,3})+$/.test(email)
    },
    validatePassword() {
      if (!this.editingUser && !this.form.password) {
        this.errors.password = '密码不能为空'
      } else if (this.form.password && this.form.password.length < 6) {
        this.errors.password = '密码至少6个字符'
      } else {
        this.errors.password = ''
      }
    },
    openAddModal() {
      this.editingUser = null
      this.showAddModal = true
      this.form = {
        username: '',
        email: '',
        password: ''
      }
      this.errors = {}
    },
    editUser(user) {
      this.editingUser = user
      this.showAddModal = true
      this.form = {
        username: user.username,
        email: user.email,
        password: ''
      }
      this.errors = {}
    },
    closeModal() {
      this.showAddModal = false
      this.editingUser = null
      this.form = {
        username: '',
        email: '',
        password: ''
      }
      this.errors = {}
    },
    async saveUser() {
      if (!this.isValid) return
      try {
        if (this.editingUser) {
          await axios.put(`/users/${this.editingUser.id}`, this.form)
          this.$message.success('用户更新成功')
        } else {
          await axios.post('/users/register', this.form)
          this.$message.success('用户添加成功')
        }
        this.closeModal()
        this.fetchUsers()
      } catch (error) {
        this.$message.error(error.response?.data?.error || '保存失败')
      }
    },
    async deleteUser(id) {
      if (confirm('确定要删除该用户吗？')) {
        try {
          await axios.delete(`/users/${id}`)
          this.$message.success('用户删除成功')
          this.fetchUsers()
        } catch (error) {
          this.$message.error('删除失败')
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.container {
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin: 50px auto;
  padding: 20px;
}
h2 {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.btn-add {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  background-color: #42b983;
  color: white;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 4px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.user-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}
.user-table th,
.user-table td {
  padding: 12px;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}
.user-table th {
  background-color: #f5f5f5;
}
.btn-edit,
.btn-delete {
  padding: 5px 10px;
  margin-right: 5px;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 4px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.btn-edit {
  background-color: #2196f3;
  color: white;
}
.btn-delete {
  background-color: #f44336;
  color: white;
}
.modal {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
}
.modal-content {
  background: white;
  padding: 30px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  width: 400px;
}
.form-group {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  font-weight: 500;
}
input {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 10px;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 14px;
}
.modal-actions {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 20px;
}
.btn-cancel,
.btn-save {
  padding: 10px 20px;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 4px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.btn-cancel {
  background-color: #f5f5f5;
}
.btn-save {
  background-color: #42b983;
  color: white;
}
.error {
  color: red;
  font-size: 12px;
}
</style>

主组件

App.vue

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <header>
      <nav v-if="isAuthenticated">
        <router-link to="/">首页</router-link>
        <router-link to="/users">用户管理</router-link>
        <router-link to="/profile">个人中心</router-link>
        <button @click="handleLogout">退出登录</button>
      </nav>
    </header>
    <router-view />
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  name: 'App',
  computed: {
    isAuthenticated() {
      return this.$store.getters.isAuthenticated
    }
  },
  created() {
    this.$store.dispatch('initUser')
  },
  methods: {
    handleLogout() {
      this.$store.dispatch('logout')
      this.$router.push('/login')
    }
  }
}
</script>
<style>
#app {
  font-family: Avenir, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  color: #2c3e50;
}
header {
  background-color: #42b983;
  padding: 1rem;
}
nav {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-around;
  align-items: center;
}
nav a {
  color: white;
  text-decoration: none;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
}
nav a:hover,
nav a.router-link-active {
  background-color: #2c8f6e;
}
nav button {
  background: none;
  border: none;
  color: white;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
}
nav button:hover {
  background-color: #2c8f6e;
  border-radius: 4px;
}
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
</style>

组件注册

main.js 中添加消息组件

// 添加一个简单的消息提示组件
import Vue from 'vue'
Vue.prototype.$message = {
  success(message) {
    console.log(`Success: ${message}`)
    alert(`Success: ${message}`)
  },
  error(message) {
    console.error(`Error: ${message}`)
    alert(`Error: ${message}`)
  }
}

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