本文目录导读:

我来为你设计一个完整的气象查询应用案例,包含前端界面、后端API和完整的代码实现。
🌤️ 天气查询系统完整案例
技术栈选择
- 前端: HTML + CSS + JavaScript (原生)
- 后端: Node.js + Express
- API: 使用免费公开API接口(OpenWeatherMap或和风天气)
后端实现 (Node.js + Express)
项目初始化
mkdir weather-app cd weather-app npm init -y npm install express axios cors dotenv
后端服务器代码 server.js
const express = require('express');
const axios = require('axios');
const cors = require('cors');
require('dotenv').config();
const app = express();
const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;
// 中间件
app.use(cors());
app.use(express.json());
app.use(express.static('public'));
// 天气API密钥(请注册获取)
const API_KEY = process.env.WEATHER_API_KEY;
const API_BASE_URL = 'https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather';
/**
* 查询天气API
* @param {string} city - 城市名称
* @param {string} country - 国家代码(可选)
*/
app.get('/api/weather/:city', async (req, res) => {
try {
const { city } = req.params;
const { country } = req.query;
// 构建查询参数
const params = {
q: country ? `${city},${country}` : city,
appid: API_KEY,
units: 'metric', // 使用摄氏度
lang: 'zh_cn' // 中文返回
};
// 调用天气API
const response = await axios.get(API_BASE_URL, { params });
// 格式化返回数据
const weatherData = {
city: response.data.name,
country: response.data.sys.country,
temperature: Math.round(response.data.main.temp),
feelsLike: Math.round(response.data.main.feels_like),
description: response.data.weather[0].description,
icon: response.data.weather[0].icon,
humidity: response.data.main.humidity,
windSpeed: response.data.wind.speed,
visibility: response.data.visibility / 1000, // 转为km
pressure: response.data.main.pressure,
sunrise: new Date(response.data.sys.sunrise * 1000).toLocaleTimeString('zh-CN'),
sunset: new Date(response.data.sys.sunset * 1000).toLocaleTimeString('zh-CN')
};
res.json({
success: true,
data: weatherData,
timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
});
} catch (error) {
console.error('天气查询失败:', error);
res.status(500).json({
success: false,
message: error.response?.data?.message || '查询天气失败,请检查城市名称',
error: error.message
});
}
});
/**
* 查询多城市天气
*/
app.get('/api/weather', async (req, res) => {
try {
const { cities = [] } = req.query;
const cityList = typeof cities === 'string' ? cities.split(',') : cities;
const promises = cityList.map(city =>
axios.get(API_BASE_URL, {
params: {
q: city,
appid: API_KEY,
units: 'metric',
lang: 'zh_cn'
}
})
);
const results = await Promise.allSettled(promises);
const weatherData = results.map((result, index) => {
if (result.status === 'fulfilled') {
const data = result.value.data;
return {
city: data.name,
temperature: Math.round(data.main.temp),
description: data.weather[0].description,
icon: data.weather[0].icon,
success: true
};
} else {
return {
city: cityList[index],
success: false,
message: '无法获取该城市的天气'
};
}
});
res.json({
success: true,
data: weatherData
});
} catch (error) {
res.status(500).json({
success: false,
message: '批量查询失败'
});
}
});
// 启动服务器
app.listen(PORT, () => {
console.log(`服务器已启动:http://localhost:${PORT}`);
});
前端实现
HTML 文件 public/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">气象查询系统</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.0.0/css/all.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<!-- 头部 -->
<header class="header">
<h1><i class="fas fa-cloud-sun"></i> 气象查询系统</h1>
<p class="subtitle">实时天气信息查询</p>
</header>
<!-- 搜索区域 -->
<div class="search-box">
<div class="search-input-wrapper">
<i class="fas fa-map-marker-alt"></i>
<input
type="text"
id="cityInput"
placeholder="请输入城市名称,如:北京"
autocomplete="off"
>
<button id="searchBtn" class="btn-primary">
<i class="fas fa-search"></i> 查询
</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 天气显示区域 -->
<main class="weather-display">
<!-- 加载动画 -->
<div id="loading" class="hidden">
<div class="spinner"></div>
<p>正在获取天气信息...</p>
</div>
<!-- 错误提示 -->
<div id="errorMessage" class="hidden">
<i class="fas fa-exclamation-circle"></i>
<p id="errorText"></p>
</div>
<!-- 天气卡片 -->
<div id="weatherCard" class="hidden">
<!-- 主要天气信息 -->
<div class="weather-main">
<div class="weather-icon" id="weatherIcon">
<img src="" alt="天气图标" id="weatherIconImg">
</div>
<div class="temperature" id="temperature">--°C</div>
<div class="description" id="description">--</div>
<div class="location" id="location">
<i class="fas fa-location-arrow"></i>
<span id="cityName">--</span>,
<span id="country">--</span>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 体感温度 -->
<div class="feels-like" id="feelsLike">
<p>体感温度</p>
<span>--°C</span>
</div>
<!-- 详细信息网格 -->
<div class="weather-details">
<div class="detail-item">
<div class="detail-icon">
<i class="fas fa-tint"></i>
</div>
<div class="detail-info">
<span class="detail-label">湿度</span>
<span class="detail-value" id="humidity">--%</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="detail-item">
<div class="detail-icon">
<i class="fas fa-wind"></i>
</div>
<div class="detail-info">
<span class="detail-label">风速</span>
<span class="detail-value" id="windSpeed">-- m/s</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="detail-item">
<div class="detail-icon">
<i class="fas fa-eye"></i>
</div>
<div class="detail-info">
<span class="detail-label">能见度</span>
<span class="detail-value" id="visibility">-- km</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="detail-item">
<div class="detail-icon">
<i class="fas fa-tachometer-alt"></i>
</div>
<div class="detail-info">
<span class="detail-label">气压</span>
<span class="detail-value" id="pressure">-- hPa</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 日出日落 -->
<div class="sun-times">
<div class="sun-time">
<i class="fas fa-sun"></i>
<span>日出</span>
<span id="sunrise">--</span>
</div>
<div class="sun-time">
<i class="fas fa-moon"></i>
<span>日落</span>
<span id="sunset">--</span>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 查询时间 -->
<div class="query-time">
查询时间:<span id="queryTime">--</span>
</div>
</div>
</main>
<!-- 快捷城市入口 -->
<div class="quick-cities">
<h3>快速查询</h3>
<div class="city-buttons">
<button onclick="quickSearch('北京')">北京</button>
<button onclick="quickSearch('上海')">上海</button>
<button onclick="quickSearch('广州')">广州</button>
<button onclick="quickSearch('深圳')">深圳</button>
<button onclick="quickSearch('成都')">成都</button>
<button onclick="quickSearch('杭州')">杭州</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
CSS 样式 public/styles.css
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', sans-serif;
}
body {
min-height: 100vh;
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
background-size: 400% 400%;
animation: gradientShift 15s ease infinite;
color: #fff;
padding: 20px;
}
@keyframes gradientShift {
0%, 100% { background-position: 0% 50%; }
50% { background-position: 100% 50%; }
}
.container {
max-width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
/* 头部样式 */
.header {
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 30px;
animation: fadeInDown 0.8s ease;
}
.header h1 {
font-size: 2.5rem;
text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
}
.header .subtitle {
font-size: 1.1rem;
opacity: 0.9;
margin-top: 10px;
}
/* 搜索框样式 */
.search-box {
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
border-radius: 50px;
padding: 8px;
box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
margin-bottom: 20px;
animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease;
}
.search-input-wrapper {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
padding: 0 15px;
}
.search-input-wrapper i {
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
margin-right: 10px;
}
.search-input-wrapper input {
flex: 1;
padding: 15px;
background: transparent;
border: none;
color: #fff;
font-size: 1.2rem;
outline: none;
}
.search-input-wrapper input::placeholder {
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
}
.btn-primary {
background: #ff6b6b;
border: none;
color: #fff;
padding: 12px 25px;
border-radius: 30px;
font-size: 1.1rem;
cursor: pointer;
transition: all 0.3s;
box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(255, 107, 107, 0.4);
}
.btn-primary:hover {
transform: translateY(-2px);
box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(255, 107, 107, 0.6);
}
.btn-primary:active {
transform: translateY(0);
}
/* 天气卡片样式 */
.weather-display {
min-height: 400px;
position: relative;
}
#weatherCard {
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
backdrop-filter: blur(15px);
border-radius: 20px;
padding: 30px;
box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
animation: fadeInUp 0.5s ease;
}
.weather-main {
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.weather-icon img {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
animation: float 3s ease-in-out infinite;
}
.temperature {
font-size: 4rem;
font-weight: bold;
text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
}
.description {
font-size: 1.5rem;
text-transform: capitalize;
margin: 10px 0;
}
.location {
font-size: 1.2rem;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
}
.feels-like {
text-align: center;
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
border-radius: 10px;
padding: 10px;
margin: 20px 0;
}
.feels-like p {
font-size: 0.9rem;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
}
.feels-like span {
font-size: 1.5rem;
font-weight: bold;
}
/* 详细信息网格 */
.weather-details {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
gap: 15px;
margin: 20px 0;
}
.detail-item {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
border-radius: 10px;
padding: 12px;
transition: transform 0.3s;
}
.detail-item:hover {
transform: scale(1.05);
}
.detail-icon {
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
border-radius: 10px;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
margin-right: 10px;
}
.detail-icon i {
font-size: 1.2rem;
}
.detail-info {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.detail-label {
font-size: 0.8rem;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
}
.detail-value {
font-size: 1.1rem;
font-weight: bold;
}
/* 日出日落 */
.sun-times {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-around;
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
border-radius: 10px;
padding: 15px;
}
.sun-time {
text-align: center;
}
.sun-time i {
font-size: 1.5rem;
margin-right: 5px;
}
.sun-time span {
margin-left: 5px;
}
.query-time {
text-align: center;
margin-top: 20px;
font-size: 0.9rem;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
}
/* 快捷城市 */
.quick-cities {
text-align: center;
margin-top: 30px;
}
.quick-cities h3 {
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.city-buttons {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: center;
gap: 10px;
}
.city-buttons button {
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
border: none;
color: #fff;
padding: 10px 25px;
border-radius: 25px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: all 0.3s;
font-size: 1rem;
}
.city-buttons button:hover {
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
transform: translateY(-3px);
}
/* 加载动画 */
#loading {
text-align: center;
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
border-radius: 15px;
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
padding: 30px;
}
.spinner {
border: 4px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
border-top: 4px solid #fff;
border-radius: 50%;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
animation: spin 1s linear infinite;
margin: 0 auto 10px;
}
@keyframes spin {
0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
100% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}
/* 错误提示 */
#errorMessage {
background: rgba(255, 107, 107, 0.8);
border-radius: 10px;
padding: 20px;
text-align: center;
margin: 20px 0;
}
#errorMessage i {
font-size: 2rem;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
/* 动画 */
@keyframes fadeInDown {
from {
opacity: 0;
transform: translateY(-20px);
}
to {
opacity: 1;
transform: translateY(0);
}
}
@keyframes fadeInUp {
from {
opacity: 0;
transform: translateY(20px);
}
to {
opacity: 1;
transform: translateY(0);
}
}
@keyframes float {
0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); }
50% { transform: translateY(-10px); }
}
/* 工具类 */
.hidden {
display: none !important;
}
JavaScript 文件 public/script.js
// 天气查询前端脚本
// DOM 元素
const cityInput = document.getElementById('cityInput');
const searchBtn = document.getElementById('searchBtn');
const loading = document.getElementById('loading');
const errorMessage = document.getElementById('errorMessage');
const weatherCard = document.getElementById('weatherCard');
const errorText = document.getElementById('errorText');
// 处理回车键查询
cityInput.addEventListener('keyup', (e) => {
if (e.key === 'Enter') {
searchWeather();
}
});
// 查询按钮点击事件
searchBtn.addEventListener('click', searchWeather);
// 搜索城市天气
async function searchWeather() {
const city = cityInput.value.trim();
if (!city) {
showError('请输入城市名称');
return;
}
// 显示加载动画
showLoading();
try {
const response = await fetch(`/api/weather/${encodeURIComponent(city)}`);
const result = await response.json();
if (result.success) {
displayWeather(result.data);
} else {
showError(result.message);
}
} catch (error) {
showError('网络错误,请稍后重试');
console.error('Error:', error);
} finally {
hideLoading();
}
}
// 显示天气数据
function displayWeather(data) {
// 更新温度
document.getElementById('temperature').textContent = `${data.temperature}°C`;
// 更新天气描述
document.getElementById('description').textContent = data.description;
// 更新位置
document.getElementById('cityName').textContent = data.city;
document.getElementById('country').textContent = data.country;
// 更新天气图标
document.getElementById('weatherIconImg').src = `https://openweathermap.org/img/wn/${data.icon}@2x.png`;
document.getElementById('weatherIconImg').alt = data.description;
// 更新体感温度
document.getElementById('feelsLike').querySelector('span').textContent = `${data.feelsLike}°C`;
// 更新详细信息
document.getElementById('humidity').textContent = `${data.humidity}%`;
document.getElementById('windSpeed').textContent = `${data.windSpeed} m/s`;
document.getElementById('visibility').textContent = `${data.visibility} km`;
document.getElementById('pressure').textContent = `${data.pressure} hPa`;
// 更新日出日落
document.getElementById('sunrise').textContent = data.sunrise;
document.getElementById('sunset').textContent = data.sunset;
// 更新查询时间
document.getElementById('queryTime').textContent = new Date().toLocaleString('zh-CN');
// 显示天气卡片
weatherCard.classList.remove('hidden');
errorMessage.classList.add('hidden');
}
// 快速查询城市
function quickSearch(city) {
cityInput.value = city;
searchWeather();
}
// 显示错误信息
function showError(message) {
errorText.textContent = message;
errorMessage.classList.remove('hidden');
weatherCard.classList.add('hidden');
}
// 显示加载动画
function showLoading() {
loading.classList.remove('hidden');
weatherCard.classList.add('hidden');
errorMessage.classList.add('hidden');
}
// 隐藏加载动画
function hideLoading() {
loading.classList.add('hidden');
}
配置文件
.env 环境变量文件
# Weather API 配置 WEATHER_API_KEY=your_api_key_here PORT=3000
package.json 配置
{
"name": "weather-app",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "气象查询系统",
"main": "server.js",
"scripts": {
"start": "node server.js",
"dev": "nodemon server.js"
},
"dependencies": {
"axios": "^1.6.0",
"cors": "^2.8.5",
"dotenv": "^16.3.1",
"express": "^4.18.2"
},
"devDependencies": {
"nodemon": "^3.0.1"
}
}
运行和使用
启动步骤
# 1. 安装依赖 npm install # 2. 设置环境变量 cp .env.example .env # 然后编辑 .env 文件填入你的API密钥 # 3. 启动服务 npm start # 开发环境可使用 npm run dev # 4. 访问应用 打开浏览器访问:http://localhost:3000
使用方法
-
输入城市名称查询天气
- 输入中文(如:北京)或英文(如:Beijing)
- 点击"查询"按钮或按回车键
-
快捷查询
点击下方预置的城市按钮快速查询
-
查看详细信息
- 温度、体感温度、湿度、风速等
- 日出日落时间
- 查询时间戳
扩展功能建议
多城市对比查询
async function compareWeather(cities = ['北京', '上海', '广州']) {
const response = await fetch(`/api/weather?cities=${cities.join(',')}`);
return await response.json();
}
天气预测功能
可扩展使用 https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/forecast 接口获取未来天气预测。
用户位置自动定位
使用浏览器的 Geolocation API 自动获取用户位置:
if (navigator.geolocation) {
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(position => {
// 使用经纬度查询天气
});
}
注意事项
- API密钥注册:需要在 OpenWeatherMap 注册并获取免费API密钥
- 免费额度:免费版API每小时有调用次数限制
- 错误处理:应用已包含基本的错误处理,可根据需要扩展
- 跨域问题:已使用 CORS 中间件解决
这个完整的天气查询案例包含了前后端的所有代码,你可以直接运行体验,如果想使用和风天气等其他API,只需修改 server.js 中的API调用部分即可。