Logback案例

wen java案例 2026-08-03 167

本文目录导读：

Logback案例

基础配置案例（控制台输出）
文件输出 + 滚动日志案例
异步日志配置案例
多环境配置案例
完整的企业级配置案例
在Java代码中使用
输出格式说明
配置文件优先级

我来给你提供几个完整的Logback配置案例,从基础到高级应用。

基础配置案例（控制台输出）

logback.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
    <!-- 控制台输出 -->
    <appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
            <charset>UTF-8</charset>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <!-- 根日志级别 -->
    <root level="DEBUG">
        <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
    </root>
</configuration>

文件输出 + 滚动日志案例

logback.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
    <!-- 定义日志文件路径 -->
    <property name="LOG_HOME" value="/var/log/myapp"/>
    <property name="APP_NAME" value="myapp"/>
    <!-- 控制台输出 -->
    <appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <!-- 文件输出 - 按天滚动 -->
    <appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${LOG_HOME}/${APP_NAME}.log</file>
        <!-- 滚动策略：按天 + 大小 -->
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_HOME}/${APP_NAME}.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>  <!-- 保留30天 -->
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>100MB</maxFileSize>  <!-- 单个文件最大100MB -->
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
            <charset>UTF-8</charset>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <!-- 错误日志单独输出 -->
    <appender name="ERROR_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${LOG_HOME}/${APP_NAME}-error.log</file>
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>ERROR</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_HOME}/${APP_NAME}-error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>90</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <!-- 根日志配置 -->
    <root level="INFO">
        <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
        <appender-ref ref="FILE"/>
        <appender-ref ref="ERROR_FILE"/>
    </root>
    <!-- 特定包日志级别配置 -->
    <logger name="com.example.controller" level="DEBUG"/>
    <logger name="org.springframework" level="WARN"/>
    <logger name="com.mysql" level="INFO"/>
</configuration>

异步日志配置案例

logback.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
    <property name="LOG_HOME" value="/var/log/myapp"/>
    <!-- 同步文件输出 -->
    <appender name="FILE_SYNC" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${LOG_HOME}/app.log</file>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_HOME}/app.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <!-- 异步追加器 -->
    <appender name="ASYNC" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
        <!-- 不丢失日志，默认如果队列的80%已满，会丢弃TRACE、DEBUG、INFO日志 -->
        <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
        <!-- 队列深度 -->
        <queueSize>512</queueSize>
        <!-- 队列满时，阻塞调用线程 -->
        <neverBlock>false</neverBlock>
        <!-- 引用同步追加器 -->
        <appender-ref ref="FILE_SYNC"/>
    </appender>
    <root level="INFO">
        <appender-ref ref="ASYNC"/>
    </root>
</configuration>

多环境配置案例

logback-spring.xml (Spring Boot环境)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
    <!-- 引入Spring Boot配置属性 -->
    <springProperty scope="context" name="loggingPath" source="logging.path" defaultValue="/var/log/myapp"/>
    <springProperty scope="context" name="loggingLevel" source="logging.level.root" defaultValue="INFO"/>
    <!-- 开发环境配置 -->
    <springProfile name="dev">
        <property name="LOG_PATTERN" value="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
        <property name="LOG_LEVEL" value="DEBUG"/>
        <appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
            <encoder>
                <pattern>${LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
            </encoder>
        </appender>
        <root level="${LOG_LEVEL}">
            <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
        </root>
    </springProfile>
    <!-- 生产环境配置 -->
    <springProfile name="prod">
        <property name="LOG_PATTERN" value="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
        <property name="LOG_PATH" value="/var/log/myapp"/>
        <appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
            <file>${LOG_PATH}/app.log</file>
            <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
                <fileNamePattern>${LOG_PATH}/app.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
                <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
            </rollingPolicy>
            <encoder>
                <pattern>${LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
            </encoder>
        </appender>
        <appender name="ERROR_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
            <file>${LOG_PATH}/error.log</file>
            <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
                <level>ERROR</level>
                <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
                <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
            </filter>
            <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
                <fileNamePattern>${LOG_PATH}/error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
                <maxHistory>90</maxHistory>
            </rollingPolicy>
            <encoder>
                <pattern>${LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
            </encoder>
        </appender>
        <root level="INFO">
            <appender-ref ref="FILE"/>
            <appender-ref ref="ERROR_FILE"/>
        </root>
    </springProfile>
</configuration>

完整的企业级配置案例

logback-spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="60 seconds">
    <!-- 引入配置文件 -->
    <property resource="logback.properties"/>
    <!-- 定义变量 -->
    <property name="APP_NAME" value="demo-service"/>
    <property name="LOG_HOME" value="${LOG_PATH:-/var/log}/${APP_NAME}"/>
    <property name="LOG_PATTERN" value="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} | %-5level | %thread | %logger{36} | %msg%n"/>
    <!-- 彩色控制台输出 -->
    <conversionRule conversionWord="clr" converterClass="org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.ColorConverter"/>
    <conversionRule conversionWord="wex" converterClass="org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.WhitespaceThrowableProxyConverter"/>
    <!-- 控制台追加器 -->
    <appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %clr(%-5level) %clr([%thread]){cyan} %clr(%logger{36}){yellow} - %msg%n</pattern>
            <charset>UTF-8</charset>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <!-- INFO级别日志文件 -->
    <appender name="INFO_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${LOG_HOME}/info.log</file>
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>INFO</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_HOME}/info.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>100MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
            <charset>UTF-8</charset>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <!-- DEBUG级别日志文件 -->
    <appender name="DEBUG_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${LOG_HOME}/debug.log</file>
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
            <level>DEBUG</level>
        </filter>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_HOME}/debug.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
            <charset>UTF-8</charset>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <!-- ERROR级别日志文件 -->
    <appender name="ERROR_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${LOG_HOME}/error.log</file>
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
            <level>ERROR</level>
        </filter>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_HOME}/error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>90</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
            <charset>UTF-8</charset>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <!-- 异步追加器 -->
    <appender name="ASYNC_DEBUG" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
        <appender-ref ref="DEBUG_FILE"/>
        <queueSize>512</queueSize>
        <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
    </appender>
    <appender name="ASYNC_INFO" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
        <appender-ref ref="INFO_FILE"/>
        <queueSize>512</queueSize>
        <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
    </appender>
    <appender name="ASYNC_ERROR" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
        <appender-ref ref="ERROR_FILE"/>
        <queueSize>256</queueSize>
        <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
    </appender>
    <!-- 特定包的日志级别 -->
    <logger name="org.springframework" level="WARN"/>
    <logger name="org.hibernate" level="WARN"/>
    <logger name="com.zaxxer.hikari" level="WARN"/>
    <logger name="org.apache" level="WARN"/>
    <!-- 业务包 -->
    <logger name="com.example" level="DEBUG">
        <appender-ref ref="ASYNC_DEBUG"/>
    </logger>
    <!-- 根日志配置 -->
    <root level="INFO">
        <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
        <appender-ref ref="ASYNC_DEBUG"/>
        <appender-ref ref="ASYNC_INFO"/>
        <appender-ref ref="ASYNC_ERROR"/>
    </root>
    <!-- 设置JMX配置 -->
    <jmxConfigurator/>
</configuration>

在Java代码中使用

Java示例

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class UserService {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserService.class);
    public void getUser(String id) {
        log.debug("开始查询用户，id: {}", id);
        try {
            // 业务逻辑
            User user = userRepository.findById(id);
            log.info("用户查询成功，id: {}, 用户名: {}", id, user.getName());
            // 性能监控
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            // ... 处理逻辑
            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            log.debug("处理耗时: {}ms", endTime - startTime);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("用户查询失败，id: {}", id, e);
            throw new UserNotFoundException("用户不存在: " + id);
        }
    }
}

输出格式说明

<!-- 常用输出格式 -->
<!-- 完整格式 -->
%date{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %level [%thread] %logger{36} - %message%n%exception
<!-- 简化格式 -->
[%level] %logger - %message%n
<!-- 带彩色输出 -->
%clr(%level) %clr(%logger{36}){cyan} - %message%n
<!-- 各元素说明 -->
%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} - 时间戳
%thread - 线程名
%-5level - 日志级别，左对齐5个字符
%logger{36} - 类名，最长36字符
%msg - 日志消息
%n - 换行
%method - 方法名
%line - 行号

配置文件优先级

日志配置文件加载顺序（优先到高）：
1. logback-test.xml
2. logback.xml
3. 使用SPI机制配置（META-INF/services）
4. BasicConfigurator（默认配置）

这些案例覆盖了日志系统的主要使用场景，根据你的具体需求，可以组合使用这些配置，如需特定功能的配置,请告诉我！

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