本文目录导读：
我来为您提供Apache POI操作Word文档的完整案例，涵盖创建、读取和修改Word文档。
Maven依赖配置
<dependencies>
<!-- Apache POI 核心 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>5.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Apache POI OOXML (处理.docx格式) -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>5.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>2.20.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
创建Word文档
1 创建简单文档
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.model.XWPFHyperlinkRun;
import org.apache.poi.wp.usermodel.HyperlinkType;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.IBodyElement;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.List;
public class CreateWordDocument {
public static void createSimpleDocument(String filePath) throws IOException {
try (XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
// 创建标题段落
XWPFParagraph title = document.createParagraph();
title.setAlignment(ParagraphAlignment.CENTER);
XWPFRun titleRun = title.createRun();
titleRun.setText("这是一个简单的Word文档");
titleRun.setBold(true);
titleRun.setFontSize(20);
titleRun.setColor("2E74B5");
// 创建正文段落
XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();
XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun();
run.setText("这是正文内容，演示如何使用Apache POI创建Word文档。");
run.setFontSize(12);
// 添加第二段
XWPFParagraph paragraph2 = document.createParagraph();
XWPFRun run2 = paragraph2.createRun();
run2.setText("Apache POI 是一个开源的Java库，用于读写Microsoft Office格式的文件。");
run2.setItalic(true);
// 设置页面边距
document.getDocument().setBody();
document.write(out);
}
}
}
2 创建带样式的文档
public class CreateFormattedDocument {
public static void createFormattedDoc(String filePath) throws IOException {
try (XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
// 1. 创建带样式的段落
XWPFParagraph styledParagraph = document.createParagraph();
styledParagraph.setAlignment(ParagraphAlignment.LEFT);
styledParagraph.setIndentationLeft(300);
styledParagraph.setSpacingAfter(200);
styledParagraph.setSpacingBefore(200);
XWPFRun run1 = styledParagraph.createRun();
run1.setText("这是一个带样式的段落");
run1.setBold(true);
run1.setFontSize(14);
run1.setColor("FF0000");
run1.setFontFamily("Arial");
// 2. 创建项目符号列表
XWPFParagraph bulletParagraph = document.createParagraph();
bulletParagraph.setIndentationLeft(400);
XWPFRun bulletRun = bulletParagraph.createRun();
bulletRun.setText("• 这是项目符号1");
XWPFParagraph bulletParagraph2 = document.createParagraph();
bulletParagraph2.setIndentationLeft(400);
XWPFRun bulletRun2 = bulletParagraph2.createRun();
bulletRun2.setText("• 这是项目符号2");
// 3. 创建编号列表
XWPFNumbering numbering = document.createNumbering();
// 4. 创建表格
XWPFTable table = document.createTable(3, 3);
table.setWidth("100%");
// 设置表格内容
String[][] data = {
{"姓名", "年龄", "城市"},
{"张三", "25", "北京"},
{"李四", "30", "上海"}
};
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < data[i].length; j++) {
XWPFTableCell cell = table.getRow(i).getCell(j);
cell.setText(data[i][j]);
}
}
document.write(out);
}
}
}
读取Word文档
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.*;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
public class ReadWordDocument {
public static void readDocument(String filePath) throws IOException {
try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath);
XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(fis)) {
// 读取段落内容
System.out.println("=== 文档段落内容 ===");
List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphs = document.getParagraphs();
for (int i = 0; i < paragraphs.size(); i++) {
XWPFParagraph paragraph = paragraphs.get(i);
System.out.println("段落 " + (i + 1) + ": " + paragraph.getText());
// 获取段落样式
System.out.println(" 样式: " + paragraph.getStyle());
System.out.println(" 对齐方式: " + paragraph.getAlignment());
// 读取段落中的run
for (XWPFRun run : paragraph.getRuns()) {
System.out.println(" Run内容: " + run.text());
System.out.println(" 是否加粗: " + run.isBold());
System.out.println(" 字体大小: " + run.getFontSize());
System.out.println(" 字体: " + run.getFontFamily());
}
}
// 读取表格内容
System.out.println("\n=== 文档表格内容 ===");
List<XWPFTable> tables = document.getTables();
for (int i = 0; i < tables.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("表格 " + (i + 1) + ":");
XWPFTable table = tables.get(i);
for (int j = 0; j < table.getNumberOfRows(); j++) {
XWPFTableRow row = table.getRow(j);
String rowContent = "";
for (int k = 0; k < row.getTableCells().size(); k++) {
rowContent += row.getCell(k).getText() + " | ";
}
System.out.println(" 行 " + (j + 1) + ": " + rowContent);
}
}
// 读取文档属性
System.out.println("\n=== 文档属性 ===");
System.out.println("作者: " + document.getProperties().getCoreProperties().getCreator());
System.out.println("标题: " + document.getProperties().getCoreProperties().getTitle());
System.out.println("修改时间: " + document.getProperties().getCoreProperties().getModified());
}
}
}
修改Word文档
public class ModifyWordDocument {
public static void modifyDocument(String filePath) throws IOException {
try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath);
XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument(fis);
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
// 1. 修改段落内容
List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphs = document.getParagraphs();
for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : paragraphs) {
String text = paragraph.getText();
// 查找特定内容并替换
if (text.contains("旧文本")) {
replaceTextInParagraph(paragraph, "旧文本", "新文本");
}
}
// 2. 添加新段落
XWPFParagraph newParagraph = document.createParagraph();
XWPFRun newRun = newParagraph.createRun();
newRun.setText("这是添加的新段落");
newRun.setBold(true);
// 3. 删除指定段落
// 找到要删除的段落索引
XWPFParagraph deleteParagraph = null;
for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : paragraphs) {
if (paragraph.getText().contains("要删除的内容")) {
deleteParagraph = paragraph;
break;
}
}
if (deleteParagraph != null) {
document.removeBodyElement(document.getPosOfParagraph(deleteParagraph));
}
// 4. 修改表格内容
List<XWPFTable> tables = document.getTables();
if (!tables.isEmpty()) {
XWPFTable table = tables.get(0);
if (table.getNumberOfRows() > 0) {
XWPFTableRow row = table.getRow(0);
XWPFTableCell cell = row.getCell(0);
cell.setText("修改后的内容");
}
}
// 5. 设置单元格背景色
if (!tables.isEmpty()) {
XWPFTable table = tables.get(0);
if (table.getNumberOfRows() > 1) {
XWPFTableRow row = table.getRow(1);
XWPFTableCell cell = row.getCell(0);
cell.setColor("FFEB3B"); // 黄色背景
}
}
document.write(out);
}
}
private static void replaceTextInParagraph(XWPFParagraph paragraph, String searchText, String replaceText) {
List<XWPFRun> runs = paragraph.getRuns();
if (runs.isEmpty()) return;
String paragraphText = paragraph.getText();
if (paragraphText.contains(searchText)) {
// 简化处理：清除所有runs，然后重新创建
for (XWPFRun run : runs) {
run.setText("", 0);
}
runs.get(0).setText(paragraphText.replace(searchText, replaceText));
}
}
}
高级功能示例
1 插入图片
public class InsertImageToWord {
public static void insertImage(String filePath, String imagePath) throws IOException {
try (XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();
XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun();
// 插入图片
try (FileInputStream imageStream = new FileInputStream(imagePath)) {
int imageType = Document.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG; // 根据图片类型调整
run.addPicture(imageStream, imageType, "image.jpg",
Units.toEMU(200), // 宽度200px
Units.toEMU(200)); // 高度200px
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
document.write(out);
}
}
}
2 创建带有超链接的文档
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFHyperlink;
import org.apache.poi.common.usermodel.HyperlinkType;
public class CreateHyperlinkDocument {
public static void createDocWithLink(String filePath) throws IOException {
try (XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();
// 创建超链接
XWPFParagraph linkParagraph = document.createParagraph();
XWPFRun run = linkParagraph.createRun();
run.setText("访问OpenAI网站: ");
XWPFHyperlink hyperlink = createHyperlink(linkParagraph, "https://www.openai.com", "OpenAI");
document.write(out);
}
}
private static XWPFHyperlink createHyperlink(XWPFParagraph paragraph, String url, String text) {
XWPFHyperlinkRun linkRun = new XWPFHyperlinkRun(null, null, null, null);
linkRun.setText(text);
// 设置超链接地址
XWPFHyperlink hyperlink = new XWPFHyperlink(url);
paragraph.addRun(linkRun);
return hyperlink;
}
}
3 文档加密
import org.apache.poi.poifs.crypt.EncryptionInfo;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.crypt.EncryptionMode;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.crypt.standard.StandardEncryptionInfo;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
public class EncryptWordDocument {
public static void encryptDocument(String filePath, String password) throws IOException {
try (XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
// 添加一些内容
XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();
XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun();
run.setText("这是一个加密的文档");
// 加密文档
EncryptionInfo info = new EncryptionInfo(EncryptionMode.agile);
StandardEncryptionInfo encInfo = (StandardEncryptionInfo) info;
encInfo.setPassword(password);
// 写入加密后的文件
document.write(out);
}
}
}
完整示例：生成报告
public class GenerateReport {
public static void generateReport(String filePath) throws IOException {
try (XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath)) {
// 创建报告标题
XWPFParagraph title = document.createParagraph();
title.setAlignment(ParagraphAlignment.CENTER);
XWPFRun titleRun = title.createRun();
titleRun.setText("月度销售报告");
titleRun.setBold(true);
titleRun.setFontSize(24);
titleRun.setColor("2E74B5");
// 创建日期信息
XWPFParagraph datePara = document.createParagraph();
datePara.setAlignment(ParagraphAlignment.CENTER);
XWPFRun dateRun = datePara.createRun();
dateRun.setText("2024年1月");
dateRun.setFontSize(12);
// 创建摘要部分
XWPFParagraph summaryTitle = document.createParagraph();
XWPFRun summaryTitleRun = summaryTitle.createRun();
summaryTitleRun.setText("quot;);
summaryTitleRun.setBold(true);
summaryTitleRun.setFontSize(16);
XWPFParagraph summary = document.createParagraph();
summary.setSpacingAfter(200);
XWPFRun summaryRun = summary.createRun();
summaryRun.setText("本报告总结了2024年1月的销售情况，总销售额为1,000,000元，较上月增长15%。");
summaryRun.setFontSize(12);
// 创建销售数据表
XWPFTable table = document.createTable(4, 4);
table.setWidth("100%");
String[][] data = {
{"产品", "销售额", "增长", "占比"},
{"产品A", "500,000", "+20%", "50%"},
{"产品B", "300,000", "+10%", "30%"},
{"产品C", "200,000", "+15%", "20%"}
};
// 填充表格
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < data[i].length; j++) {
XWPFTableCell cell = table.getRow(i).getCell(j);
cell.setText(data[i][j]);
// 设置表头样式
if (i == 0) {
cell.setColor("D9E2F3"); // 浅蓝色背景
}
}
}
// 创建结论部分
XWPFParagraph conclusionTitle = document.createParagraph();
XWPFRun conclusionTitleRun = conclusionTitle.createRun();
conclusionTitleRun.setText("quot;);
conclusionTitleRun.setBold(true);
conclusionTitleRun.setFontSize(16);
XWPFParagraph conclusion = document.createParagraph();
XWPFRun conclusionRun = conclusion.createRun();
conclusionRun.setText("根据本月销售数据，整体表现良好，建议继续关注产品A的增长潜力，并优化产品C的营销策略。");
conclusionRun.setFontSize(12);
// 设置文档属性
document.getProperties().getCoreProperties().setCreator("销售部门");
document.getProperties().getCoreProperties().setTitle("月度销售报告");
document.getProperties().getCoreProperties().setSubject("2024年1月销售分析");
document.write(out);
}
}
}
主程序测试
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. 创建简单文档
CreateWordDocument.createSimpleDocument("simple.docx");
// 2. 创建格式化文档
CreateFormattedDocument.createFormattedDoc("formatted.docx");
// 3. 读取文档
ReadWordDocument.readDocument("simple.docx");
// 4. 修改文档
ModifyWordDocument.modifyDocument("simple.docx");
// 5. 生成报告
GenerateReport.generateReport("sales_report.docx");
System.out.println("所有文档操作完成！");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
注意事项
- 内存管理：处理大文档时，建议分批处理，避免内存溢出
- 版本兼容：POI 4.0+ 支持Office 2007+格式（.docx），老格式（.doc）需要特殊处理
- 性能优化：大量写入操作时，考虑使用缓冲流
- 编码问题：确保正确处理中文编码，设置合适的字体
- 资源关闭：始终使用try-with-resources确保资源正确释放
这是一个完整的Apache POI操作Word文档的案例集合，涵盖了常见的操作场景，您可以根据实际需求进行修改和扩展。
