SSH框架整合案例

wen java案例 2026-08-10 165

本文目录导读：

SSH框架整合案例

项目结构
Maven依赖配置 (pom.xml)
实体类 (User.java)
DAO层
Service层
Action层
配置文件
JSP页面

我将为您提供一个完整的SSH（Struts2 + Spring + Hibernate）框架整合案例，这是一个经典的企业级Java Web开发组合。

项目结构

ssh-integration-demo
├── src
│   ├── main
│   │   ├── java
│   │   │   └── com
│   │   │       └── example
│   │   │           ├── action
│   │   │           │   ├── UserAction.java
│   │   │           │   └── BaseAction.java
│   │   │           ├── service
│   │   │           │   ├── UserService.java
│   │   │           │   └── impl
│   │   │           │       └── UserServiceImpl.java
│   │   │           ├── dao
│   │   │           │   ├── UserDao.java
│   │   │           │   └── impl
│   │   │           │       └── UserDaoImpl.java
│   │   │           ├── entity
│   │   │           │   └── User.java
│   │   │           └── util
│   │   │               └── HibernateUtil.java
│   │   ├── resources
│   │   │   ├── applicationContext.xml
│   │   │   ├── struts.xml
│   │   │   ├── hibernate.cfg.xml
│   │   │   └── log4j.properties
│   │   └── webapp
│   │       ├── WEB-INF
│   │       │   └── web.xml
│   │       ├── index.jsp
│   │       └── jsp
│   │           ├── userList.jsp
│   │           └── addUser.jsp
└── pom.xml

Maven依赖配置 (pom.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>ssh-integration-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <struts2.version>2.5.30</struts2.version>
        <spring.version>5.3.20</spring.version>
        <hibernate.version>5.6.10.Final</hibernate.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- Struts2 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
            <version>${struts2.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${struts2.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts2-json-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${struts2.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Hibernate -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- MySQL驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.28</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 其他 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.24</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>ssh-demo</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.2</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

实体类 (User.java)

package com.example.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_user")
public class User implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    @Column(name = "username", nullable = false, unique = true, length = 50)
    private String username;
    @Column(name = "password", nullable = false, length = 100)
    private String password;
    @Column(name = "email", length = 100)
    private String email;
    @Column(name = "phone", length = 20)
    private String phone;
    @Column(name = "create_time")
    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
    private Date createTime;
    @Column(name = "update_time")
    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
    private Date updateTime;
}

DAO层

UserDao.java

package com.example.dao;
import com.example.entity.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserDao {
    User findById(Long id);
    User findByUsername(String username);
    List<User> findAll();
    void save(User user);
    void update(User user);
    void delete(User user);
    void deleteById(Long id);
    long count();
}

UserDaoImpl.java

package com.example.dao.impl;
import com.example.dao.UserDao;
import com.example.entity.User;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.List;
@Repository("userDao")
@Transactional
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    @Autowired
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    @Autowired
    private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
    private Session getSession() {
        return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
    }
    @Override
    public User findById(Long id) {
        return hibernateTemplate.get(User.class, id);
    }
    @Override
    public User findByUsername(String username) {
        Session session = getSession();
        Query<User> query = session.createQuery(
            "from User where username = :username", User.class);
        query.setParameter("username", username);
        return query.uniqueResult();
    }
    @Override
    public List<User> findAll() {
        return hibernateTemplate.loadAll(User.class);
    }
    @Override
    public void save(User user) {
        hibernateTemplate.save(user);
    }
    @Override
    public void update(User user) {
        hibernateTemplate.update(user);
    }
    @Override
    public void delete(User user) {
        hibernateTemplate.delete(user);
    }
    @Override
    public void deleteById(Long id) {
        User user = findById(id);
        if (user != null) {
            hibernateTemplate.delete(user);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public long count() {
        Session session = getSession();
        Query<Long> query = session.createQuery(
            "select count(u) from User u", Long.class);
        return query.uniqueResult();
    }
}

Service层

UserService.java

package com.example.service;
import com.example.entity.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserService {
    User findById(Long id);
    User findByUsername(String username);
    List<User> findAll();
    void save(User user);
    void update(User user);
    void delete(User user);
    void deleteById(Long id);
    boolean login(String username, String password);
    long count();
}

UserServiceImpl.java

package com.example.service.impl;
import com.example.dao.UserDao;
import com.example.entity.User;
import com.example.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
@Service("userService")
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;
    @Override
    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public User findById(Long id) {
        return userDao.findById(id);
    }
    @Override
    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public User findByUsername(String username) {
        return userDao.findByUsername(username);
    }
    @Override
    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public List<User> findAll() {
        return userDao.findAll();
    }
    @Override
    public void save(User user) {
        if (user.getCreateTime() == null) {
            user.setCreateTime(new Date());
        }
        user.setUpdateTime(new Date());
        userDao.save(user);
    }
    @Override
    public void update(User user) {
        user.setUpdateTime(new Date());
        userDao.update(user);
    }
    @Override
    public void delete(User user) {
        userDao.delete(user);
    }
    @Override
    public void deleteById(Long id) {
        userDao.deleteById(id);
    }
    @Override
    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public boolean login(String username, String password) {
        User user = userDao.findByUsername(username);
        return user != null && user.getPassword().equals(password);
    }
    @Override
    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public long count() {
        return userDao.count();
    }
}

Action层

BaseAction.java

package com.example.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public abstract class BaseAction extends ActionSupport 
        implements ServletRequestAware, ServletResponseAware {
    protected HttpServletRequest request;
    protected HttpServletResponse response;
    @Override
    public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
        this.request = request;
    }
    @Override
    public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
        this.response = response;
    }
}

UserAction.java

package com.example.action;
import com.example.entity.User;
import com.example.service.UserService;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Namespace;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ParentPackage;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
@ParentPackage("struts-default")
@Namespace("/user")
public class UserAction extends BaseAction {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    private Long id;
    private User user;
    private List<User> userList;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    @Action(value = "list", results = {
        @Result(name = SUCCESS, location = "/jsp/userList.jsp")
    })
    public String list() {
        userList = userService.findAll();
        return SUCCESS;
    }
    @Action(value = "add", results = {
        @Result(name = SUCCESS, type = "redirect", location = "/user/list")
    })
    public String add() {
        if (user != null) {
            // 检查用户名是否已存在
            if (userService.findByUsername(user.getUsername()) != null) {
                addActionError("用户名已存在！");
                return ERROR;
            }
            userService.save(user);
            addActionMessage("用户添加成功！");
        }
        return SUCCESS;
    }
    @Action(value = "edit", results = {
        @Result(name = SUCCESS, location = "/jsp/editUser.jsp"),
        @Result(name = ERROR, type = "redirect", location = "/user/list")
    })
    public String edit() {
        if (id != null) {
            user = userService.findById(id);
            if (user == null) {
                addActionError("用户不存在！");
                return ERROR;
            }
        }
        return SUCCESS;
    }
    @Action(value = "update", results = {
        @Result(name = SUCCESS, type = "redirect", location = "/user/list")
    })
    public String update() {
        if (user != null && user.getId() != null) {
            User existingUser = userService.findById(user.getId());
            if (existingUser != null) {
                existingUser.setEmail(user.getEmail());
                existingUser.setPhone(user.getPhone());
                if (user.getPassword() != null && !user.getPassword().isEmpty()) {
                    existingUser.setPassword(user.getPassword());
                }
                userService.update(existingUser);
                addActionMessage("用户更新成功！");
            }
        }
        return SUCCESS;
    }
    @Action(value = "delete", results = {
        @Result(name = SUCCESS, type = "redirect", location = "/user/list")
    })
    public String delete() {
        if (id != null) {
            userService.deleteById(id);
            addActionMessage("用户删除成功！");
        }
        return SUCCESS;
    }
    @Action(value = "login", results = {
        @Result(name = SUCCESS, type = "redirect", location = "/user/list"),
        @Result(name = "login", location = "/index.jsp")
    })
    public String login() {
        if (username != null && password != null) {
            if (userService.login(username, password)) {
                ActionContext.getContext().getSession()
                    .put("currentUser", username);
                return SUCCESS;
            } else {
                addActionError("用户名或密码错误！");
            }
        }
        return "login";
    }
    @Action(value = "logout", results = {
        @Result(name = SUCCESS, type = "redirect", location = "/index.jsp")
    })
    public String logout() {
        Map<String, Object> session = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
        session.remove("currentUser");
        return SUCCESS;
    }
}

配置文件

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee 
         http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
    <display-name>SSH Integration Demo</display-name>
    <!-- 配置Spring监听器 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <!-- 配置Struts2过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!-- 配置字符编码过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
    <!-- 扫描注解 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
    <!-- 读取数据库配置文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
    <!-- 配置数据源 (使用C3P0) -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
        <!-- 连接池配置 -->
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="5"/>
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="20"/>
        <property name="initialPoolSize" value="5"/>
        <property name="acquireIncrement" value="5"/>
        <property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800"/>
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="3000"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置SessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory" 
          class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="packagesToScan">
            <list>
                <value>com.example.entity</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">
                    org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.SpringSessionContext
                </prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置HibernateTemplate -->
    <bean id="hibernateTemplate" 
          class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" 
          class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置事务通知 -->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="remove*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="*" read-only="true"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    <!-- 配置AOP切面 -->
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="servicePointcut" 
            expression="execution(* com.example.service..*.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="servicePointcut"/>
    </aop:config>
</beans>

struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
    <!-- 常量配置 -->
    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"/>
    <constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"/>
    <constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple"/>
    <constant name="struts.convention.default.parent.package" value="struts-default"/>
    <constant name="struts.convention.package.locators" value="action"/>
    <!-- 配置spring集成 -->
    <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring"/>
    <!-- 配置包 -->
    <package name="default" extends="struts-default">
        <!-- 配置全局结果 -->
        <global-results>
            <result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
            <result name="input">/error.jsp</result>
        </global-results>
        <!-- Action配置（也可使用注解方式） -->
        <action name="userAction" class="userAction">
            <result name="success">/jsp/userList.jsp</result>
            <result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>
</struts>

db.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssh_demo?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&characterEncoding=utf8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=yourpassword

log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, console, file
log4j.appender.console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=logs/ssh-demo.log
log4j.appender.file.MaxFileSize=10MB
log4j.appender.file.MaxBackupIndex=10
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
# Hibernate日志
log4j.logger.org.hibernate=INFO
log4j.logger.org.hibernate.SQL=DEBUG
log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=TRACE
# Spring日志
log4j.logger.org.springframework=INFO

JSP页面

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">SSH框架整合示例</title>
    <style>
        body {
            font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', sans-serif;
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
            min-height: 100vh;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: center;
        }
        .login-box {
            background: white;
            padding: 40px;
            border-radius: 10px;
            box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
            width: 400px;
        }
        h1 {
            text-align: center;
            color: #333;
            margin-bottom: 30px;
        }
        .form-group {
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        label {
            display: block;
            margin-bottom: 5px;
            color: #555;
        }
        input[type="text"],
        input[type="password"] {
            width: 100%;
            padding: 12px;
            border: 1px solid #ddd;
            border-radius: 5px;
            box-sizing: border-box;
            font-size: 14px;
        }
        input[type="text"]:focus,
        input[type="password"]:focus {
            outline: none;
            border-color: #667eea;
            box-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(102,126,234,0.3);
        }
        .btn-submit {
            width: 100%;
            padding: 12px;
            background: #667eea;
            color: white;
            border: none;
            border-radius: 5px;
            font-size: 16px;
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: background 0.3s;
        }
        .btn-submit:hover {
            background: #5a67d8;
        }
        .error-message {
            color: red;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            text-align: center;
        }
        .message {
            color: #28a745;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            text-align: center;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="login-box">
        <h1>SSH整合示例</h1>
        <c:if test="${not empty errorMessages}">
            <div class="error-message">
                <c:forEach items="${errorMessages}" var="error">
                    ${error}<br/>
                </c:forEach>
            </div>
        </c:if>
        <c:if test="${not empty actionMessages}">
            <div class="message">
                <c:forEach items="${actionMessages}" var="msg">
                    ${msg}<br/>
                </c:forEach>
            </div>
        </c:if>
        <form action="/user/login" method="post">
            <div class="form-group">
                <label>用户名</label>
                <input type="text" name="username" required/>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label>密码</label>
                <input type="password" name="password" required/>
            </div>
            <button type="submit" class="btn-submit">登录</button>
        </form>
        <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 20px;">
            <a href="/user/list" style="color: #667eea; text-decoration: none;">直接查看用户列表</a>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

userList.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">用户列表</title>
    <style>
        body {
            font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', sans-serif;
            background: #f5f6fa;
            margin: 0;
            padding: 20px;
        }
        .container {
            max-width: 1200px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            background: white;
            border-radius: 10px;
            box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
            padding: 30px;
        }
        .header {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            align-items: center;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        h1 {
            color: #333;
            margin: 0;
        }
        .btn {
            padding: 10px 20px;
            border-radius: 5px;
            text-decoration: none;
            color: white;
            transition: background 0.3s;
        }
        .btn-primary {
            background: #667eea;
        }
        .btn-primary:hover {
            background: #5a67d8;
        }
        .btn-danger {
            background: #e74c3c;
            padding: 5px 10px;
            font-size: 12px;
        }
        .btn-danger:hover {
            background: #c0392b;
        }
        .btn-warning {
            background: #f39c12;
            padding: 5px 10px;
            font-size: 12px;
        }
        .btn-warning:hover {
            background: #d68910;
        }
        table {
            width: 100%;
            border-collapse: collapse;
            margin-top: 20px;
        }
        th, td {
            padding: 12px;
            text-align: left;
            border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
        }
        th {
            background: #f8f9fa;
            color: #333;
            font-weight: 600;
        }
        tr:hover {
            background: #f5f6fa;
        }
        .alert {
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: 5px;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        .alert-success {
            background: #d4edda;
            color: #155724;
            border: 1px solid #c3e6cb;
        }
        .alert-error {
            background: #f8d7da;
            color: #721c24;
            border: 1px solid #f5c6cb;
        }
        .logout-link {
            color: #667eea;
            text-decoration: none;
            margin-left: 20px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="header">
            <h1>用户列表</h1>
            <div>
                <c:if test="${sessionScope.currentUser != null}">
                    <span>欢迎 <strong>${sessionScope.currentUser}</strong></span>
                </c:if>
                <a href="/user/add" class="btn btn-primary">添加用户</a>
                <a href="/user/logout" class="logout-link">退出</a>
            </div>
        </div>
        <c:if test="${not empty actionMessages}">
            <div class="alert alert-success">
                <c:forEach items="${actionMessages}" var="msg">
                    ${msg}<br/>
                </c:forEach>
            </div>
        </c:if>
        <c:if test="${not empty errorMessages}">
            <div class="alert alert-error">
                <c:forEach items="${errorMessages}" var="error">
                    ${error}<br/>
                </c:forEach>
            </div>
        </c:if>
        <table>
            <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>ID</th>
                    <th>用户名</th>
                    <th>邮箱</th>
                    <th>电话</th>
                    <th>创建时间</th>
                    <th>更新时间</th>
                    <th>操作</th>
                </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
                <c:forEach items="${userList}" var="u">
                    <tr>
                        <td>${u.id}</td>
                        <td>${u.username}</td>
                        <td>${u.email}</td>
                        <td>${u.phone}</td>
                        <td><fmt:formatDate value="${u.createTime}" pattern="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"/></td>
                        <td><fmt:formatDate value="${u.updateTime}" pattern="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"/></td>
                        <td>
                            <a href="/user/edit?id=${u.id}" class="btn btn-warning">编辑</a>
                            <a href="/user/delete?id=${u.id}" class="btn btn-danger" 
                               onclick="return confirm('确定要删除该用户吗？')">删除</a>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                </c:forEach>
                <c:if test="${empty userList}">
                    <tr>
                        <td colspan="7" style="text-align: center; color: #999;">
                            暂无用户数据
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                </c:if>
            </tbody>
        </table>
        <div style="margin-top: 20px; color: #666;">
            共 ${fn:length(userList)} 条记录
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

addUser.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">添加用户</title>
    <style>
        body {
            font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', sans-serif;
            background: #f5f6fa;
            margin: 0;
            padding: 20px;
        }
        .container {
            max-width: 600px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            background: white;
            border-radius: 10px;
            box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
            padding: 30px;
        }
        h1 {
            color: #333;
            margin-bottom: 30px;
            text-align: center;
        }
        .form-group {
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        label {
            display: block;
            margin

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