Spring Cloud Config配置中心案例

wen java案例 2026-08-10 215

本文目录导读：

项目结构
服务端实现
客户端实现
配置文件仓库结构
运行和测试
动态刷新配置
高级配置示例
注意事项

我来为您提供一个完整的Spring Cloud Config配置中心案例，包括服务端和客户端。

项目结构

config-server-demo/
├── pom.xml
└── src/main/java/com/example/configserver/
    ├── ConfigServerApplication.java
    └── controller/ConfigController.java
config-client-demo/
├── pom.xml
└── src/main/java/com/example/configclient/
    ├── ConfigClientApplication.java
    └── controller/ConfigClientController.java

服务端实现

1 服务端pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.14</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>config-server-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.8</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- Config Server -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 安全认证（可选） -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2 服务端配置application.yml

server:
  port: 8888
spring:
  application:
    name: config-server
  cloud:
    config:
      server:
        git:
          uri: https://github.com/yourusername/config-repo   # Git仓库地址
          search-paths:                                     # 搜索路径
            - config-repo
          username: your-username                          # Git用户名（如果仓库是私有的）
          password: your-password                          # Git密码（如果仓库是私有的）
          clone-on-start: true                             # 启动时自动clone
          force-pull: true                                 # 强制拉取
        # 也可以使用本地文件系统
        # native:
        #   search-locations: classpath:/config-repo
  # 使用本地文件系统时需要配置
  profiles:
    active: git
# 安全认证（可选）
security:
  user:
    name: config-user
    password: config-password

3 服务端启动类

package com.example.configserver;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigServer
public class ConfigServerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

4 服务端测试控制器

package com.example.configserver.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class ConfigController {
    @GetMapping("/health")
    public String health() {
        return "Config Server is running!";
    }
}

客户端实现

1 客户端pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.14</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>config-client-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.8</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- Config Client -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 健康检查 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 消息总线（用于动态刷新） -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 安全认证（可选） -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2 客户端bootstrap.yml配置

spring:
  application:
    name: config-client
  cloud:
    config:
      uri: http://localhost:8888    # Config Server地址
      username: config-user         # 认证用户名（如果启用了认证）
      password: config-password     # 认证密码（如果启用了认证）
      fail-fast: true               # 快速失败
      retry:
        initial-interval: 1000
        max-interval: 5000
        max-attempts: 6

3 客户端application.yml配置

server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  profiles:
    active: dev
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"

4 客户端启动类

package com.example.configclient;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConfigClientApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigClientApplication.class, args);
    }
}

5 客户端配置属性类

package com.example.configclient.config;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@RefreshScope
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "app")
public class AppConfig {
    private String name;
    private String version;
    private String environment;
    private DatabaseConfig database = new DatabaseConfig();
    // Getter 和 Setter
    public static class DatabaseConfig {
        private String url;
        private String username;
        private String password;
        // Getter 和 Setter
        public String getUrl() {
            return url;
        }
        public void setUrl(String url) {
            this.url = url;
        }
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getVersion() {
        return version;
    }
    public void setVersion(String version) {
        this.version = version;
    }
    public String getEnvironment() {
        return environment;
    }
    public void setEnvironment(String environment) {
        this.environment = environment;
    }
    public DatabaseConfig getDatabase() {
        return database;
    }
    public void setDatabase(DatabaseConfig database) {
        this.database = database;
    }
}

6 客户端测试控制器

package com.example.configclient.controller;
import com.example.configclient.config.AppConfig;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/config")
@RefreshScope
public class ConfigClientController {
    @Autowired
    private AppConfig appConfig;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.url:default-url}")
    private String datasourceUrl;
    @GetMapping("/info")
    public Map<String, Object> getConfigInfo() {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("appName", appConfig.getName());
        result.put("appVersion", appConfig.getVersion());
        result.put("environment", appConfig.getEnvironment());
        result.put("database", appConfig.getDatabase());
        return result;
    }
    @GetMapping("/datasource")
    public Map<String, String> getDatasource() {
        Map<String, String> result = new HashMap<>();
        result.put("url", datasourceUrl);
        return result;
    }
}

配置文件仓库结构

在Git仓库中创建配置文件：

1 config-client-dev.yml

app:
  name: my-application
  version: 1.0.0
  environment: development
  database:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev_db
    username: dev_user
    password: dev_password
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev_db
    username: dev_user
    password: dev_password

2 config-client-prod.yml

app:
  name: my-application
  version: 1.0.0
  environment: production
  database:
    url: jdbc:mysql://prod-db-server:3306/prod_db
    username: prod_user
    password: prod_password
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://prod-db-server:3306/prod_db
    username: prod_user
    password: prod_password

运行和测试

1 启动顺序

启动Git仓库（或使用本地文件系统）
启动Config Server（端口：8888）
启动Config Client（端口：8080）

2 测试命令

# 检查Config Server是否运行
curl http://localhost:8888/health
# 获取配置信息
curl http://localhost:8888/config-client/dev
# 获取特定配置
curl http://localhost:8888/config-client-dev.yml
# 测试客户端获取配置
curl http://localhost:8080/config/info

动态刷新配置

1 手动刷新特定客户端

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/actuator/refresh

2 使用消息总线刷新所有客户端

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/actuator/bus-refresh

高级配置示例

1 使用本地文件系统（开发环境）

# Config Server application.yml
spring:
  profiles:
    active: native
  cloud:
    config:
      server:
        native:
          search-locations: classpath:/config-repo,file:/opt/config-repo

2 使用数据库存储

# Config Server application.yml
spring:
  cloud:
    config:
      server:
        jdbc:
          sql: SELECT KEY, VALUE from PROPERTIES where APPLICATION=? and PROFILE=? and LABLE=?
          order: 1

注意事项

配置文件命名规则：{application}-{profile}.yml 或 {application}-{profile}.properties
bootstrap.yml 要先于 application.yml 加载
配置优先级：命令行 > 环境变量 > 配置文件
@RefreshScope 注解用于实现配置动态刷新
生产环境建议使用RabbitMQ或Kafka作为消息总线

这个案例提供了完整的Spring Cloud Config配置中心实现，包括服务端、客户端、配置文件管理和动态刷新功能，您可以根据实际需求进行调整和扩展。

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