本文目录导读：
我将为您提供一个PHP多规格商品SKU算法实现，包含完整的SKU生成、库存管理和价格计算功能。
核心SKU生成算法
<?php
class SKUGenerator
{
/**
* 生成所有SKU组合
* @param array $specs 规格字典，如 ['颜色' => ['红色','蓝色'], '尺寸' => ['S','M','L']]
* @return array 所有SKU组合
*/
public function generateCombinations(array $specs): array
{
$result = [[]];
foreach ($specs as $specName => $specValues) {
$temp = [];
foreach ($result as $combination) {
foreach ($specValues as $value) {
$temp[] = array_merge($combination, [$specName => $value]);
}
}
$result = $temp;
}
return $result;
}
/**
* 生成SKU编码
* @param array $combination 规格组合
* @param string $productId 商品ID
* @return string
*/
public function generateSkuCode(array $combination, string $productId = ''): string
{
$code = $productId ? $productId . '-' : '';
foreach ($combination as $specName => $value) {
$code .= $this->encodeSpec($specName, $value) . '-';
}
return rtrim($code, '-');
}
private function encodeSpec(string $name, string $value): string
{
// 简单的编码，可根据需求调整
return strtoupper(mb_substr($name, 0, 1)) . strtoupper(mb_substr($value, 0, 2));
}
}
商品SKU管理类
<?php
class ProductSKUManager
{
private $productId;
private $specs; // 规格字典
private $skuList = []; // SKU列表
public function __construct(string $productId, array $specs)
{
$this->productId = $productId;
$this->specs = $specs;
}
/**
* 初始化所有SKU
* @param float $defaultPrice 默认价格
* @param int $defaultStock 默认库存
*/
public function initSKUs(float $defaultPrice = 0, int $defaultStock = 0): void
{
$generator = new SKUGenerator();
$combinations = $generator->generateCombinations($this->specs);
foreach ($combinations as $index => $combination) {
$sku = [
'sku_code' => $generator->generateSkuCode($combination, $this->productId),
'specs' => $combination,
'price' => $defaultPrice,
'stock' => $defaultStock,
'image' => '',
'weight' => 0,
'status' => 1
];
$this->skuList[] = $sku;
}
}
/**
* 获取特定规格的SKU
* @param array $selectedSpecs 选中的规格，如 ['颜色' => '红色', '尺寸' => 'M']
* @return array|null
*/
public function findSKU(array $selectedSpecs): ?array
{
foreach ($this->skuList as $sku) {
$match = true;
foreach ($selectedSpecs as $specName => $value) {
if (!isset($sku['specs'][$specName]) || $sku['specs'][$specName] !== $value) {
$match = false;
break;
}
}
if ($match) {
return $sku;
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 更新SKU库存
*/
public function updateStock(array $selectedSpecs, int $quantity): bool
{
$sku = $this->findSKU($selectedSpecs);
if (!$sku) return false;
// 更新逻辑，这里简化为直接修改
foreach ($this->skuList as &$item) {
if ($item['sku_code'] === $sku['sku_code']) {
$item['stock'] = $quantity;
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* 库存扣减
*/
public function decreaseStock(array $selectedSpecs, int $quantity): bool
{
$sku = $this->findSKU($selectedSpecs);
if (!$sku || $sku['stock'] < $quantity) return false;
foreach ($this->skuList as &$item) {
if ($item['sku_code'] === $sku['sku_code']) {
$item['stock'] -= $quantity;
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* 检查规格是否可选（用于前端联动）
*/
public function isSpecAvailable(array $selectedSpecs, string $specName, string $specValue): bool
{
$testSpecs = $selectedSpecs;
$testSpecs[$specName] = $specValue;
$sku = $this->findSKU($testSpecs);
return $sku !== null && $sku['stock'] > 0;
}
/**
* 获取所有SKU
*/
public function getAllSKUs(): array
{
return $this->skuList;
}
}
SKU价格计算
<?php
class SKUPriceCalculator
{
/**
* 计算SKU价格（考虑促销、会员价等）
* @param array $sku SKU数据
* @param array $user 用户信息（可选）
* @return float
*/
public function calculatePrice(array $sku, array $user = []): float
{
$basePrice = $sku['price'];
// 会员价计算
if (isset($user['level']) && isset($sku['member_prices'])) {
$memberPrices = $sku['member_prices'];
if (isset($memberPrices[$user['level']])) {
$basePrice = $memberPrices[$user['level']];
}
}
// 促销价格
if (isset($sku['promotion_price']) && $sku['promotion_price'] > 0) {
$promotionPrice = $sku['promotion_price'];
if ($promotionPrice < $basePrice) {
$basePrice = $promotionPrice;
}
}
// 阶梯价格计算
if (isset($sku['tier_prices']) && !empty($sku['tier_prices'])) {
$quantity = $sku['quantity'] ?? 1;
foreach ($sku['tier_prices'] as $tier) {
if ($quantity >= $tier['min_quantity']) {
$basePrice = $tier['price'];
break;
}
}
}
return round($basePrice, 2);
}
/**
* 批量计算价格
*/
public function calculateBatchPrices(array $skuList, array $user = []): array
{
$result = [];
foreach ($skuList as $sku) {
$result[$sku['sku_code']] = $this->calculatePrice($sku, $user);
}
return $result;
}
}
完整使用示例
<?php
// 使用示例
class ProductExample
{
public function demo()
{
// 定义商品规格
$specs = [
'颜色' => ['红色', '蓝色', '绿色'],
'尺寸' => ['S', 'M', 'L'],
'版本' => ['标准版', '豪华版']
];
// 创建SKU管理器
$manager = new ProductSKUManager('P001', $specs);
// 初始化所有SKU，默认价格599，库存100
$manager->initSKUs(599.00, 100);
// 获取所有SKU数量
$allSKUs = $manager->getAllSKUs();
echo "共生成 " . count($allSKUs) . " 个SKU\n"; // 3 × 3 × 2 = 18个
// 查找特定SKU
$selected = ['颜色' => '红色', '尺寸' => 'M', '版本' => '标准版'];
$sku = $manager->findSKU($selected);
if ($sku) {
echo "找到SKU: " . $sku['sku_code'] . "\n";
echo "价格: ¥" . $sku['price'] . "\n";
echo "库存: " . $sku['stock'] . "\n";
}
// 扣减库存
$manager->decreaseStock($selected, 2);
echo "扣减后库存: " . $manager->findSKU($selected)['stock'] . "\n";
// 检查规格是否可选
$available = $manager->isSpecAvailable(['颜色' => '红色'], '尺寸', 'M');
echo "红色M码是否可选: " . ($available ? '是' : '否') . "\n";
// 价格计算
$calculator = new SKUPriceCalculator();
$price = $calculator->calculatePrice($sku, ['level' => 'vip']);
echo "VIP价格: ¥" . $price . "\n";
// 输出所有SKU
echo "\n所有SKU列表:\n";
foreach ($allSKUs as $item) {
$specStr = [];
foreach ($item['specs'] as $key => $value) {
$specStr[] = "$key: $value";
}
echo $item['sku_code'] . " | " . implode(", ", $specStr)
. " | ¥" . $item['price'] . " | 库存:" . $item['stock'] . "\n";
}
}
}
// 运行示例
$example = new ProductExample();
$example->demo();
数据库表结构
-- 商品表
CREATE TABLE products (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
description TEXT,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
-- 规格表
CREATE TABLE product_specs (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
product_id INT NOT NULL,
spec_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
spec_values JSON NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES products(id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
-- SKU表
CREATE TABLE product_skus (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
product_id INT NOT NULL,
sku_code VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
specs JSON NOT NULL,
price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,
stock INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
status TINYINT DEFAULT 1,
image VARCHAR(255),
weight DECIMAL(10,2) DEFAULT 0,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES products(id),
INDEX idx_sku_code (sku_code)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
-- SKU促销价格表
CREATE TABLE sku_promotions (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
sku_id INT NOT NULL,
promotion_price DECIMAL(10,2),
start_time DATETIME,
end_time DATETIME,
FOREIGN KEY (sku_id) REFERENCES product_skus(id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
前端联动判断算法
<?php
class FrontendSkuHelper
{
/**
* 获取可选规格值（前端联动用）
* @param array $allSKUs 所有SKU
* @param array $selectedSpecs 已选规格
* @return array 每项规格的可选值
*/
public function getAvailableOptions(array $allSKUs, array $selectedSpecs): array
{
$availableOptions = [];
foreach ($selectedSpecs as $specName => $specValue) {
if (empty($specValue)) continue;
// 复制当前选择，但排除正在检查的规格
$tempSpecs = $selectedSpecs;
unset($tempSpecs[$specName]);
// 找出该规格的可选值
$values = [];
foreach ($allSKUs as $sku) {
if ($this->matchesSpecs($sku['specs'], $tempSpecs) && $sku['stock'] > 0) {
$values[] = $sku['specs'][$specName];
}
}
$availableOptions[$specName] = array_unique($values);
}
return $availableOptions;
}
private function matchesSpecs(array $skuSpecs, array $requiredSpecs): bool
{
foreach ($requiredSpecs as $name => $value) {
if (!isset($skuSpecs[$name]) || $skuSpecs[$name] !== $value) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
这个算法实现包含了：
- 多规格组合生成 - 自动生成所有SKU组合
- SKU编码生成 - 统一的SKU编码规则
- 库存管理 - 增减库存、库存检查
- 价格计算 - 支持基础价、会员价、促销价、阶梯价
- 前端联动判断 - 判断哪些规格可选
- 数据库表设计 - 完整的数据结构支持
可以根据具体需求调整算法复杂度和功能范围。
