本文目录导读：
在ThinkPHP中配置数据库连接池需要根据不同的使用场景来选择方案,以下是详细的配置指南：
ThinkPHP 6.0+ 原生连接池配置
基础配置（config/database.php）
<?php
return [
// 默认使用的数据库连接配置
'default' => env('database.driver', 'mysql'),
// 自定义时间查询规则
'time_query_rule' => [],
// 自动写入时间戳字段
'auto_timestamp' => true,
// 时间字段取出后的默认时间格式
'datetime_format' => 'Y-m-d H:i:s',
// 数据库连接配置信息
'connections' => [
'mysql' => [
// 数据库类型
'type' => 'mysql',
// 服务器地址
'hostname' => env('database.hostname', '127.0.0.1'),
// 数据库名
'database' => env('database.database', ''),
// 用户名
'username' => env('database.username', 'root'),
// 密码
'password' => env('database.password', ''),
// 端口
'hostport' => env('database.hostport', '3306'),
// 数据库连接参数
'params' => [
// 连接超时时间
\PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT => 5,
// 持久连接
\PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true,
// 错误模式
\PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => \PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
],
// 数据库编码默认采用utf8
'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
// 数据库表前缀
'prefix' => '',
// 断线重连
'break_reconnect' => true,
// 监听SQL
'trigger_sql' => env('app_debug', false),
// 开启字段缓存
'fields_cache' => false,
],
],
];
使用 Swoole 实现连接池
安装扩展
composer require swoole/think-helper
配置 Swoole 连接池
创建 app/swoole/ConnectionPool.php:
<?php
namespace app\swoole;
use Swoole\Coroutine\Channel;
use think\db\ConnectionInterface;
class ConnectionPool
{
protected $pool;
protected $config;
protected $maxConnections;
protected $minConnections;
public function __construct($config)
{
$this->config = $config;
$this->maxConnections = $config['pool']['max_connections'] ?? 100;
$this->minConnections = $config['pool']['min_connections'] ?? 10;
$this->pool = new Channel($this->maxConnections);
// 初始化连接池
$this->initPool();
}
protected function initPool()
{
for ($i = 0; $i < $this->minConnections; $i++) {
$this->pool->push($this->createConnection());
}
}
protected function createConnection()
{
try {
$pdo = new \PDO(
"mysql:host={$this->config['hostname']};dbname={$this->config['database']};port={$this->config['hostport']}",
$this->config['username'],
$this->config['password'],
[
\PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true,
\PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT => 5
]
);
return $pdo;
} catch (\Exception $e) {
throw new \Exception("数据库连接失败: " . $e->getMessage());
}
}
public function getConnection()
{
if ($this->pool->isEmpty()) {
if ($this->pool->length() < $this->maxConnections) {
return $this->createConnection();
}
// 等待空闲连接
return $this->pool->pop(10);
}
return $this->pool->pop(10);
}
public function releaseConnection($connection)
{
if ($connection !== null) {
$this->pool->push($connection);
}
}
}
连接池管理器
创建 app/swoole/PoolManager.php:
<?php
namespace app\swoole;
class PoolManager
{
protected static $instances = [];
public static function getInstance($name = 'default')
{
if (!isset(self::$instances[$name])) {
$config = config('database.connections.mysql');
self::$instances[$name] = new ConnectionPool($config);
}
return self::$instances[$name];
}
}
使用中间件
创建 app/middleware/ConnectionPoolMiddleware.php:
<?php
namespace app\middleware;
use app\swoole\PoolManager;
class ConnectionPoolMiddleware
{
public function handle($request, \Closure $next)
{
// 获取连接
$pool = PoolManager::getInstance();
$connection = $pool->getConnection();
// 保存到请求上下文
app()->instance('db_connection', $connection);
try {
$response = $next($request);
return $response;
} finally {
// 释放连接
$pool->releaseConnection($connection);
}
}
}
Swoole 协程连接池配置
修改 config/swoole.php:
<?php
return [
// Swoole 服务器设置
'server' => [
'host' => '0.0.0.0',
'port' => 9501,
'mode' => SWOOLE_PROCESS,
'sock_type' => SWOOLE_SOCK_TCP,
],
// 协程设置
'coroutine' => [
'enable' => true,
'preload' => [],
],
// 连接池设置
'pool' => [
'default' => [
'type' => 'mysql',
'max_connections' => 100, // 最大连接数
'min_connections' => 10, // 最小连接数
'wait_timeout' => 3, // 获取连接等待时间(秒)
'max_idle_time' => 3600, // 最大空闲时间(秒)
'idle_check_interval' => 60, // 空闲检查间隔(秒)
],
],
];
多数据库连接池配置
<?php
return [
'connections' => [
'mysql' => [
'type' => 'mysql',
'hostname' => '127.0.0.1',
'database' => 'test',
'username' => 'root',
'password' => '',
'hostport' => '3306',
'params' => [
\PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true,
],
'prefix' => '',
// 连接池配置
'pool' => [
'max_connections' => 50,
'min_connections' => 5,
'wait_timeout' => 3,
'max_idle_time' => 600,
],
],
'mysql_read' => [
'type' => 'mysql',
'hostname' => '127.0.0.1',
'database' => 'test_read',
'username' => 'root',
'password' => '',
'hostport' => '3306',
'params' => [
\PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true,
],
'prefix' => '',
'pool' => [
'max_connections' => 30,
'min_connections' => 3,
'wait_timeout' => 3,
'max_idle_time' => 600,
],
],
],
];
使用示例
控制器中使用连接池
<?php
namespace app\controller;
use app\swoole\PoolManager;
use think\facade\Db;
class UserController
{
public function getUsers()
{
// 使用连接池获取连接
$pool = PoolManager::getInstance();
$connection = $pool->getConnection();
try {
// 使用PDO连接执行查询
$stmt = $connection->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE status = ?");
$stmt->execute([1]);
$users = $stmt->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
return json($users);
} finally {
// 释放连接回池
$pool->releaseConnection($connection);
}
}
public function normalQuery()
{
// 普通查询（自动使用连接池）
$users = Db::name('users')
->where('status', 1)
->select();
return json($users);
}
}
命令行添加测试数据
<?php
namespace app\command;
use think\console\Command;
use think\console\Input;
use think\console\Output;
use app\swoole\PoolManager;
class PoolTest extends Command
{
protected function configure()
{
$this->setName('pool:test')->setDescription('测试连接池');
}
protected function execute(Input $input, Output $output)
{
$pool = PoolManager::getInstance();
// 并发测试
$coroutines = [];
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
$coroutines[] = \Swoole\Coroutine::create(function () use ($pool, $i) {
$connection = $pool->getConnection();
try {
$stmt = $connection->query("SELECT SLEEP(0.1)");
$output->writeln("Coroutine {$i} completed");
} finally {
$pool->releaseConnection($connection);
}
});
}
$output->writeln("测试完成");
}
}
注意事项
- 连接池大小：根据服务器性能和应用负载合理设置
- 超时设置：合理设置获取连接的等待时间
- 错误处理：连接异常时要及时处理并重新创建
- 监控统计：建议添加连接池使用情况的监控
性能优化建议
- 在高并发场景下,使用 Swoole 连接池效果最明显
- 根据业务特点设置合理的连接池大小
- 定期检查连接池的健康状态
- 使用 Redis 缓存减少数据库压力
这样的配置可以显著提升数据库操作的性能,特别是在高并发场景下。
