Python案例怎么生成XML文件？

本文目录导读：

1. 方法一：使用 ElementTree（推荐，标准库）
2. 方法二：使用 lxml（功能更强大）
3. 方法三：使用 dicttoxml（从字典生成）
4. 完整示例：从列表数据生成
5. 生成的美化XML示例：
6. 选择建议：

Python 中生成 XML 文件有多种方法，这里介绍 3 种最常用的方案：

使用 ElementTree（推荐，标准库）

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
# 创建根元素
root = ET.Element("bookstore")
# 创建子元素
book = ET.SubElement(root, "book")
book.set("category", "Python")
# 添加子元素= ET.SubElement(book, "title")text = "Python编程入门"set("lang", "zh")
author = ET.SubElement(book, "author")
author.text = "张三"
price = ET.SubElement(book, "price")
price.text = "59.9"
# 添加第二本书
book2 = ET.SubElement(root, "book")
book2.set("category", "开发")
ET.SubElement(book2, "title").text = "机器学习实战"
ET.SubElement(book2, "author").text = "李四"
ET.SubElement(book2, "price").text = "79.9"
# 生成XML字符串
xml_str = ET.tostring(root, encoding='utf-8', method='xml')
print(xml_str.decode('utf-8'))
# 保存到文件
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write("books.xml", encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)

使用 lxml（功能更强大）

from lxml import etree
# 创建根元素
root = etree.Element("bookstore")
# 创建子元素
book = etree.SubElement(root, "book")
book.set("category", "Python")
# 添加子元素= etree.SubElement(book, "title")text = "Python编程入门"set("lang", "zh")
author = etree.SubElement(book, "author")
author.text = "张三"
price = etree.SubElement(book, "price")
price.text = "59.9"
# 生成漂亮的格式化XML
xml_str = etree.tostring(root, pretty_print=True, encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)
print(xml_str.decode('utf-8'))
# 保存到文件
tree = etree.ElementTree(root)
tree.write("books_lxml.xml", encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True, pretty_print=True)

使用 dicttoxml（从字典生成）

from dicttoxml import dicttoxml
# 准备数据
data = {
    "bookstore": {
        "book": [
            {
                "@category": "Python",
                "title": {"@lang": "zh", "#text": "Python编程入门"},
                "author": "张三",
                "price": "59.9"
            },
            {
                "@category": "开发",
                "title": "机器学习实战",
                "author": "李四",
                "price": "79.9"
            }
        ]
    }
}
# 转换为XML
xml_bytes = dicttoxml(data, custom_root='root', attr_type=False)
xml_str = xml_bytes.decode('utf-8')
print(xml_str)
# 保存到文件
with open('books_dict.xml', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write(xml_str)

完整示例：从列表数据生成

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
def create_xml_from_data(books_data, output_file="output.xml"):
    """从列表数据生成XML文件"""
    root = ET.Element("bookstore")
    for book_data in books_data:
        book = ET.SubElement(root, "book")
        book.set("category", book_data.get("category", ""))
        # 添加基本信息
        for key, value in book_data.items():
            if key != "category":  # 跳过category属性
                element = ET.SubElement(book, key)
                element.text = str(value)
    # 保存文件
    tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
    tree.write(output_file, encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)
    print(f"XML文件已保存到: {output_file}")
# 示例数据
books = [
    {"category": "Python", "title": "Python编程", "author": "张三", "price": 59.9},
    {"category": "开发", "title": "机器学习", "author": "李四", "price": 79.9},
    {"category": "教材", "title": "数据结构", "author": "王五", "price": 45.0}
]
# 生成XML
create_xml_from_data(books)

生成的美化XML示例：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<bookstore>
    <book category="Python">
        <title lang="zh">Python编程入门</title>
        <author>张三</author>
        <price>59.9</price>
    </book>
    <book category="开发">
        <title>机器学习实战</title>
        <author>李四</author>
        <price>79.9</price>
    </book>
</bookstore>

选择建议：

推荐： 大多数情况使用 ElementTree 就足够了，它是 Python 标准库，功能完善，如果需要更丰富的功能（如XPath、Schema验证等），使用 lxml。