本文目录导读：
Linux Shell 脚本（最常用）
#!/bin/bash
# 磁盘空间检测脚本
# 支持自定义阈值和告警
# 配置
WARNING_THRESHOLD=80 # 告警阈值（百分比）
CRITICAL_THRESHOLD=90 # 严重阈值（百分比）
LOG_FILE="/var/log/disk_monitor.log"
EMAIL_ALERT="admin@example.com" # 可选
# 日志写入函数
write_log() {
echo "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $1" >> "$LOG_FILE"
}
# 发送邮件告警
send_alert() {
local subject="磁盘空间告警 - $HOSTNAME"
local body="$1"
echo "$body" | mail -s "$subject" "$EMAIL_ALERT"
}
# 主检测逻辑
check_disk_space() {
local alert_messages=""
df -h | grep -v "^Filesystem" | while read line; do
# 获取挂载点和使用率
MOUNT_POINT=$(echo $line | awk '{print $6}')
USAGE_PERCENT=$(echo $line | awk '{print $5}' | sed 's/%//')
TOTAL=$(echo $line | awk '{print $2}')
USED=$(echo $line | awk '{print $3}')
AVAIL=$(echo $line | awk '{print $4}')
# 跳过虚拟文件系统
if [[ "$MOUNT_POINT" == "/dev"* ]] || [[ "$MOUNT_POINT" == "/sys"* ]] || [[ "$MOUNT_POINT" == "/proc"* ]]; then
continue
fi
# 检测使用率
if [ "$USAGE_PERCENT" -ge "$CRITICAL_THRESHOLD" ] 2>/dev/null; then
message="[CRITICAL] 磁盘 $MOUNT_POINT 使用率 ${USAGE_PERCENT}% (已用: $USED, 可用: $AVAIL, 总容量: $TOTAL)"
echo "$message"
write_log "$message"
alert_messages="$alert_messages\n$message"
elif [ "$USAGE_PERCENT" -ge "$WARNING_THRESHOLD" ] 2>/dev/null; then
message="[WARNING] 磁盘 $MOUNT_POINT 使用率 ${USAGE_PERCENT}% (已用: $USED, 可用: $AVAIL, 总容量: $TOTAL)"
echo "$message"
write_log "$message"
else
echo "[OK] 磁盘 $MOUNT_POINT 使用率 ${USAGE_PERCENT}%"
fi
done
# 如果有告警，发送邮件
if [ -n "$alert_messages" ]; then
send_alert "磁盘空间告警详情:\n$alert_messages"
fi
}
# 保存当前磁盘状态到文件（用于趋势分析）
save_disk_stats() {
df -h | grep -v "^Filesystem" | awk '{print $6","$5","$3","$4","$2}' >> /tmp/disk_stats.csv
}
# 清理超过30天的日志
cleanup_old_logs() {
find "$LOG_DIR" -name "*.log" -mtime +30 -delete
}
# 执行检测
main() {
echo "=== 磁盘空间检测报告 - $(date) ==="
echo "服务器: $HOSTNAME"
echo "----------------------------------------"
check_disk_space
save_disk_stats
# 每小时清理一次旧日志
if [ $(( $(date +%H) % 6 )) -eq 0 ]; then
cleanup_old_logs
fi
}
main
Python 脚本（更灵活）
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
磁盘空间检测脚本
支持多平台、邮件告警、Webhook通知
"""
import psutil
import smtplib
import json
import requests
from datetime import datetime
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import logging
class DiskMonitor:
def __init__(self, config=None):
self.config = config or {
'warning_threshold': 80,
'critical_threshold': 90,
'exclude_mounts': ['/snap', '/loop'],
'log_file': '/var/log/disk_monitor.log',
'email': {
'enabled': False,
'smtp_server': 'smtp.gmail.com',
'smtp_port': 587,
'username': 'your-email@gmail.com',
'password': 'your-password',
'from_addr': 'monitor@example.com',
'to_addrs': ['admin@example.com']
},
'webhook': {
'enabled': False,
'url': 'https://hooks.slack.com/services/xxx',
'headers': {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
}
}
self.setup_logging()
def setup_logging(self):
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.INFO,
format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
handlers=[
logging.FileHandler(self.config['log_file']),
logging.StreamHandler()
]
)
self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def get_disk_info(self):
"""获取磁盘信息"""
disks = []
for partition in psutil.disk_partitions():
# 跳过要排除的挂载点
if any(partition.mountpoint.startswith(exclude)
for exclude in self.config['exclude_mounts']):
continue
try:
usage = psutil.disk_usage(partition.mountpoint)
disk_info = {
'device': partition.device,
'mountpoint': partition.mountpoint,
'fstype': partition.fstype,
'total': usage.total,
'used': usage.used,
'free': usage.free,
'percent': usage.percent,
'total_gb': round(usage.total / (1024**3), 2),
'used_gb': round(usage.used / (1024**3), 2),
'free_gb': round(usage.free / (1024**3), 2)
}
disks.append(disk_info)
except PermissionError:
continue
return disks
def check_threshold(self, disk_info):
"""检查磁盘使用阈值"""
percent = disk_info['percent']
mountpoint = disk_info['mountpoint']
if percent >= self.config['critical_threshold']:
self.logger.critical(
f"磁盘 {mountpoint} 使用率 {percent:.1f}% "
f"(已用: {disk_info['used_gb']}GB, "
f"可用: {disk_info['free_gb']}GB)"
)
return 'CRITICAL'
elif percent >= self.config['warning_threshold']:
self.logger.warning(
f"磁盘 {mountpoint} 使用率 {percent:.1f}% "
f"(已用: {disk_info['used_gb']}GB, "
f"可用: {disk_info['free_gb']}GB)"
)
return 'WARNING'
else:
self.logger.info(
f"磁盘 {mountpoint} 使用率 {percent:.1f}% (正常)"
)
return 'OK'
def send_email_alert(self, message):
"""发送邮件告警"""
if not self.config['email']['enabled']:
return
try:
msg = MIMEText(message)
msg['Subject'] = f'磁盘空间告警 - {datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")}'
msg['From'] = self.config['email']['from_addr']
msg['To'] = ', '.join(self.config['email']['to_addrs'])
with smtplib.SMTP(
self.config['email']['smtp_server'],
self.config['email']['smtp_port']
) as server:
server.starttls()
server.login(
self.config['email']['username'],
self.config['email']['password']
)
server.send_message(msg)
self.logger.info("邮件告警已发送")
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f"发送邮件失败: {e}")
def send_webhook_alert(self, message):
"""发送Webhook通知（例如Slack、钉钉等）"""
if not self.config['webhook']['enabled']:
return
try:
payload = {
'text': message,
'username': '磁盘监控',
'icon_emoji': ':floppy_disk:'
}
response = requests.post(
self.config['webhook']['url'],
headers=self.config['webhook']['headers'],
data=json.dumps(payload)
)
if response.status_code == 200:
self.logger.info("Webhook通知已发送")
else:
self.logger.warning(f"Webhook发送失败: {response.status_code}")
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f"发送Webhook失败: {e}")
def collect_metrics(self):
"""收集并返回指标数据（用于监控系统）"""
disks = self.get_disk_info()
metrics = []
for disk in disks:
metrics.append({
'metric': 'disk_usage_percent',
'value': disk['percent'],
'tags': {
'mountpoint': disk['mountpoint'],
'device': disk['device']
}
})
metrics.append({
'metric': 'disk_free_gb',
'value': disk['free_gb'],
'tags': {
'mountpoint': disk['mountpoint']
}
})
return metrics
def run(self):
"""主运行逻辑"""
print(f"\n=== 磁盘空间检测报告 - {datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')} ===")
print(f"主机名: {psutil.users()[0].name if psutil.users() else 'Unknown'}")
print("-" * 50)
alerts = []
disks = self.get_disk_info()
for disk in disks:
status = self.check_threshold(disk)
# 格式化输出
print(f"{'[' + status + ']':<10} {disk['mountpoint']:<20} "
f"使用率: {disk['percent']:.1f}% "
f"(已用: {disk['used_gb']:.1f}GB / {disk['total_gb']:.1f}GB)")
if status != 'OK':
alerts.append(
f"[{status}] {disk['mountpoint']}: "
f"{disk['percent']:.1f}% "
f"({disk['used_gb']:.1f}GB/{disk['total_gb']:.1f}GB)"
)
# 发送告警
if alerts:
alert_message = "\n".join(alerts)
self.send_email_alert(alert_message)
self.send_webhook_alert(alert_message)
# 返回兼容监控系统的数据
return self.collect_metrics()
# 使用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 创建监控器实例
monitor = DiskMonitor()
# 运行检测
metrics = monitor.run()
# 如果需要，可以将指标输出为JSON
print("\n指标数据:")
print(json.dumps(metrics, indent=2))
Windows PowerShell 脚本
# 磁盘空间检测脚本 (PowerShell)
# 配置
$WarningThreshold = 80
$CriticalThreshold = 90
$LogPath = "C:\Logs\disk_monitor.log"
$AlertEmail = @{
To = "admin@company.com"
From = "monitor@company.com"
SmtpServer = "smtp.company.com"
}
function Write-Log {
param([string]$Message, [string]$Level="INFO")
$Timestamp = Get-Date -Format "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
$LogMessage = "$Timestamp [$Level] $Message"
# 写入文件
Add-Content -Path $LogPath -Value $LogMessage
# 控制台输出
Write-Host $LogMessage
}
function Get-DiskInfo {
$Disks = Get-WmiObject Win32_LogicalDisk -Filter "DriveType=3" |
Where-Object { $_.DeviceID -notlike "A:*" }
$DiskInfo = @()
foreach ($Disk in $Disks) {
$TotalGB = [math]::Round($Disk.Size / 1GB, 2)
$FreeGB = [math]::Round($Disk.FreeSpace / 1GB, 2)
$UsedGB = $TotalGB - $FreeGB
$UsagePercent = [math]::Round(($UsedGB / $TotalGB) * 100, 1)
$Info = [PSCustomObject]@{
Drive = $Disk.DeviceID
TotalGB = $TotalGB
UsedGB = $UsedGB
FreeGB = $FreeGB
UsagePercent = $UsagePercent
Status = if ($UsagePercent -ge $CriticalThreshold) { "CRITICAL" }
elseif ($UsagePercent -ge $WarningThreshold) { "WARNING" }
else { "OK" }
}
$DiskInfo += $Info
}
return $DiskInfo
}
function Send-EmailAlert {
param([string[]]$AlertMessages)
$Body = @"
磁盘空间告警报告
服务器: $env:COMPUTERNAME
时间: $(Get-Date -Format "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
告警详情:
$($AlertMessages -join "`n")
"@
try {
Send-MailMessage @AlertEmail `
-Subject "磁盘空间告警 - $env:COMPUTERNAME" `
-Body $Body `
-ErrorAction Stop
Write-Log "邮件告警已发送" "INFO"
}
catch {
Write-Log "发送邮件失败: $_" "ERROR"
}
}
# 主程序
Write-Host "=== 磁盘空间检测报告 - $(Get-Date -Format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') ==="
Write-Host "服务器: $env:COMPUTERNAME"
Write-Host ("-" * 50)
$Alerts = @()
$DiskInfo = Get-DiskInfo
foreach ($Disk in $DiskInfo) {
# 格式化输出
$StatusSymbol = if ($Disk.Status -eq "OK") { "✓" } else { "✗" }
Write-Host "[$StatusSymbol $($Disk.Status)] Drive $($Disk.Drive): "
Write-Host " 使用率: $($Disk.UsagePercent)% (已用: $($Disk.UsedGB)GB / $($Disk.TotalGB)GB)"
# 记录日志
Write-Log "Drive $($Disk.Drive): $($Disk.UsagePercent)% 使用率" $Disk.Status
# 收集告警
if ($Disk.Status -ne "OK") {
$Alerts += "$($Disk.Drive): $($Disk.UsagePercent)% ($($Disk.UsedGB)GB/$($Disk.TotalGB)GB)"
}
}
# 发送告警
if ($Alerts.Count -gt 0) {
Send-EmailAlert -AlertMessages $Alerts
}
else {
Write-Host "`n所有磁盘使用率正常"
}
定时执行设置
Linux Crontab
# 每5分钟检测一次 */5 * * * * /usr/local/bin/disk_monitor.sh # 每小时检测一次并记录 0 * * * * /usr/local/bin/disk_monitor.sh >> /var/log/disk_cron.log 2>&1
Windows 任务计划程序
# 创建定时任务 $Action = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "PowerShell.exe" -Argument "-File C:\Scripts\disk_monitor.ps1" $Trigger = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Daily -At "09:00" -RepetitionInterval (New-TimeSpan -Minutes 30) -RepetitionDuration ([TimeSpan]::MaxValue) Register-ScheduledTask -TaskName "Disk Space Monitor" -Action $Action -Trigger $Trigger -RunLevel Highest
Docker 容器化部署
# Dockerfile FROM alpine:latest RUN apk add --no-cache bash curl COPY disk_monitor.sh /usr/local/bin/ RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/disk_monitor.sh # 配置定时任务 RUN echo "*/5 * * * * /usr/local/bin/disk_monitor.sh" > /etc/crontabs/root CMD ["crond", "-f", "-l", "2"]
这些脚本可以根据具体需求进行调整，
- 添加钉钉/企业微信通知
- 集成到监控系统（Prometheus、Zabbix等）
- 自动清理临时文件
- 生成可视化报告
- 支持多服务器批量监控
需要我详细说明某个特定功能的实现吗？
