本文目录导读：
Linux Shell 脚本（最常用）
基础版本
#!/bin/bash
# 需要监控的进程名
PROCESS_NAME="your_process_name"
# 进程启动命令
START_CMD="/path/to/your/program"
while true; do
# 检查进程是否存在
if ! pgrep -x "$PROCESS_NAME" > /dev/null; then
echo "$(date): Process $PROCESS_NAME not running, restarting..."
# 启动进程
$START_CMD &
echo "$(date): Process restarted"
fi
# 每5秒检查一次
sleep 5
done
增强版本（带日志和重试限制）
#!/bin/bash
PROCESS_NAME="your_process"
START_CMD="/path/to/your/program"
LOG_FILE="/var/log/process_monitor.log"
MAX_RETRIES=5
RETRY_COUNT=0
log() {
echo "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $1" >> "$LOG_FILE"
}
while true; do
if ! pgrep -x "$PROCESS_NAME" > /dev/null; then
if [ $RETRY_COUNT -ge $MAX_RETRIES ]; then
log "ERROR: Max retries ($MAX_RETRIES) reached. Exiting."
exit 1
fi
log "Process not running, restart attempt $((RETRY_COUNT + 1))"
$START_CMD &
# 等待进程启动
sleep 2
if pgrep -x "$PROCESS_NAME" > /dev/null; then
RETRY_COUNT=0
log "Process restarted successfully"
else
RETRY_COUNT=$((RETRY_COUNT + 1))
log "Failed to restart process"
fi
fi
sleep 5
done
Systemd 服务（推荐用于系统服务）
创建服务文件 /etc/systemd/system/myapp.service：
[Unit] Description=My Application Service After=network.target [Service] Type=simple User=your_user WorkingDirectory=/path/to/app ExecStart=/path/to/your/program Restart=always RestartSec=10 StartLimitInterval=300 StartLimitBurst=5 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
使用：
# 启动服务 sudo systemctl start myapp # 设置开机自启 sudo systemctl enable myapp # 查看状态 sudo systemctl status myapp # 重新加载配置 sudo systemctl daemon-reload
Python 脚本（跨平台）
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import subprocess
import time
import logging
import os
import sys
class ProcessMonitor:
def __init__(self, process_name, start_cmd, check_interval=5):
self.process_name = process_name
self.start_cmd = start_cmd
self.check_interval = check_interval
self.process = None
# 配置日志
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.INFO,
format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
handlers=[
logging.FileHandler('/var/log/process_monitor.log'),
logging.StreamHandler()
]
)
self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def is_process_running(self):
"""检查进程是否在运行"""
try:
if self.process and self.process.poll() is None:
return True
return False
except:
return False
def start_process(self):
"""启动进程"""
try:
self.logger.info(f"Starting process: {self.start_cmd}")
self.process = subprocess.Popen(
self.start_cmd.split(),
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE
)
self.logger.info(f"Process started with PID: {self.process.pid}")
return True
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f"Failed to start process: {e}")
return False
def run(self):
"""主循环"""
self.logger.info(f"Starting monitor for process: {self.process_name}")
while True:
try:
if not self.is_process_running():
self.logger.warning(f"Process {self.process_name} not running")
self.start_process()
else:
self.logger.debug(f"Process {self.process_name} is running")
time.sleep(self.check_interval)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
self.logger.info("Monitor stopped by user")
if self.process:
self.process.terminate()
sys.exit(0)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f"Monitor error: {e}")
time.sleep(self.check_interval)
if __name__ == "__main__":
monitor = ProcessMonitor(
process_name="myapp",
start_cmd="/path/to/your/program --args",
check_interval=5
)
monitor.run()
crontab 方式（简单有效）
#!/bin/bash
# 保存为 /usr/local/bin/check_process.sh
PROCESS="your_process_name"
START_CMD="/path/to/your/program"
if ! pgrep -x "$PROCESS" > /dev/null; then
echo "$(date): Starting $PROCESS"
$START_CMD &
fi
添加到 crontab：
# 每分钟检查一次 * * * * * /usr/local/bin/check_process.sh
Docker 方式
Docker Compose 文件 docker-compose.yml：
version: '3'
services:
myapp:
image: your_image:latest
restart: always
restart_policy:
condition: on-failure
max_attempts: 3
healthcheck:
test: ["CMD", "pgrep", "-f", "your_process"]
interval: 30s
timeout: 10s
retries: 3
使用建议
-
选择合适的方式：
- 系统服务：使用 systemd
- 临时监控：使用 shell 脚本
- 复杂逻辑：使用 Python
- Docker 环境：使用 Docker 重启策略
-
注意事项：
- 设置合理的检查间隔（不要太频繁）
- 添加日志记录方便排查问题
- 设置重启次数限制避免无限重启
- 考虑优雅停止和资源清理
-
生产环境建议：
- 使用 supervisor 或 systemd 等专业工具
- 配置监控告警系统
- 添加健康检查机制
需要我详细解释某个特定场景的实现吗？
